Editing Artificial intelligence (section)

===Hardware and software===
{{Main|Programming languages for artificial intelligence|Hardware for artificial intelligence}}

In the late 2010s, [[graphics processing unit]]s (GPUs) that were increasingly designed with AI-specific enhancements and used with specialized [[TensorFlow]] software had replaced previously used [[central processing unit]] (CPUs) as the dominant means for large-scale (commercial and academic) [[machine learning]] models' training.{{Sfnp|Kobielus|2019}} Specialized [[programming language]]s such as [[Prolog]] were used in early AI research,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomason |first=James |date=2024-05-21 |title=Mojo Rising: The resurgence of AI-first programming languages |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/mojo-rising-the-resurgence-of-ai-first-programming-languages |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=VentureBeat |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627143853/https://venturebeat.com/ai/mojo-rising-the-resurgence-of-ai-first-programming-languages/ |url-status=live }}</ref> but [[general-purpose programming language]]s like [[Python (programming language)|Python]] have become predominant.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wodecki |first=Ben |date=May 5, 2023 |title=7 AI Programming Languages You Need to Know |url=https://aibusiness.com/verticals/7-ai-programming-languages-you-need-to-know |work=AI Business |access-date=5 October 2024 |archive-date=25 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725164443/https://aibusiness.com/verticals/7-ai-programming-languages-you-need-to-know |url-status=live }}</ref>

The transistor density in [[integrated circuit]]s has been observed to roughly double every 18 months—a trend known as [[Moore's law]], named after the [[Intel]] co-founder [[Gordon Moore]], who first identified it. Improvements in [[GPUs]] have been even faster,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Plumb |first=Taryn |date=2024-09-18 |title=Why Jensen Huang and Marc Benioff see 'gigantic' opportunity for agentic AI |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/why-jensen-huang-and-marc-benioff-see-gigantic-opportunity-for-agentic-ai/ |access-date=2024-10-04 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=5 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005165649/https://venturebeat.com/ai/why-jensen-huang-and-marc-benioff-see-gigantic-opportunity-for-agentic-ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a trend sometimes called [[Huang's law]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mims |first=Christopher |date=2020-09-19 |title=Huang's Law Is the New Moore's Law, and Explains Why Nvidia Wants Arm |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/huangs-law-is-the-new-moores-law-and-explains-why-nvidia-wants-arm-11600488001 |access-date=2025-01-19 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002080608/https://www.wsj.com/articles/huangs-law-is-the-new-moores-law-and-explains-why-nvidia-wants-arm-11600488001 |url-status=live }}</ref> named after [[Nvidia]] co-founder and CEO [[Jensen Huang]].