Editing Armenian genocide (section)

== Legacy ==
According to historian [[Margaret Lavinia Anderson]], the Armenian genocide reached an "iconic status" as "the apex of horrors conceivable" before [[World War&nbsp;II]].{{sfn|Anderson|2011|p=199}} It was described by contemporaries as "the murder of a nation", "race extermination",{{sfn|Ihrig|2016|pages=9, 55}} "the greatest crime of the ages", and "the blackest page in modern history".{{sfn|de Waal|2015|p=21}}{{sfn|Kieser|2018|pp=289–290}} According to historian [[Stefan Ihrig]], in Germany, the [[Nazi Party|Nazis]] viewed post-1923 Turkey as a post-genocidal paradise and, "[[Armenian genocide and the Holocaust|incorporated the Armenian genocide]], its 'lessons', tactics, and 'benefits', into their own worldview".{{sfn|Ihrig|2016|pp=349, 354}}

=== Turkey ===
{{See also|Armenian genocide denial}}
In the 1920s, [[Kurds in Turkey|Kurds]] and [[Alevis]] replaced Armenians as the perceived [[internal enemy]] of the Turkish state. [[Militarism#Turkey|Militarism]], weak [[rule of law]], lack of [[minority rights]], and especially the [[Sèvres Syndrome|belief that Turkey is constantly under threat]]—thus justifying [[state violence]]—are among the main legacies of the genocide in Turkey.{{sfn|Nichanian|2015|pp=263–264}} In postwar Turkey, the perpetrators of the genocide were hailed as martyrs of the national cause.{{sfn|Nichanian|2015|p=242}} Turkey's official denial of the Armenian genocide continues to rely on the CUP's [[genocide justification|justification]] of its actions. The Turkish government maintains that the mass deportation of Armenians was a legitimate action to combat an existential threat to the empire, but that there was no intention to exterminate the Armenian people.{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=xii, 361}}{{sfn|Akçam|2012|pp=xi, 451}} The government's position is supported by the majority of Turkish citizens.{{sfn|Göçek|2015|p=1}} Many Kurds, who themselves have suffered political repression in Turkey, [[Kurdish recognition of the Armenian genocide|have recognized and condemned the genocide]].{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=273–275}}{{sfn|Galip|2020|pp=162–163}}

The Turkish state perceives open discussion of the genocide as a threat to national security because of its connection with the foundation of the republic, and for decades strictly [[Censorship in Turkey|censored]] it.{{sfn|Akçam|Kurt|2015|pp=3–4}}{{sfn|Galip|2020|p=3}} In 2002, the [[AK Party]] came to power and relaxed censorship to a certain extent, and the profile of the issue was raised by the 2007 [[Assassination of Hrant Dink|assassination]] of [[Hrant Dink]], a Turkish-Armenian journalist known for his advocacy of reconciliation.{{sfn|Galip|2020|pp=3–4}} Although the AK Party softened the state denial rhetoric, describing Armenians as part of the Ottoman Empire's war losses,{{sfn|Ben Aharon|2019|p=339}} during the 2010s political repression and censorship increased again.{{sfn|Galip|2020|pp=83–85}} Turkey's century-long effort to prevent any recognition or mention of the genocide in foreign countries has included millions of dollars in lobbying,{{sfn|Göçek|2015|p=2}} as well as intimidation and threats.{{sfn|Chorbajian|2016|p=178}}

=== Armenia and Azerbaijan ===
[[File:Genocide Memorial complex from air on a sunny day, September 2017.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Aerial view of the [[Armenian Genocide memorial complex]] on a hill above [[Yerevan]]|alt=Spiky monument perched on a hill above a large city]]
[[Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day]] is commemorated on 24 April each year in Armenia and abroad, the anniversary of the [[deportation of Armenian intellectuals]].{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=110}}{{sfn|Ben Aharon|2019|p=347}} On 24&nbsp;April 1965, 100,000 Armenians [[1965 Yerevan demonstrations|protested in Yerevan]], and diaspora Armenians demonstrated across the world in favor of recognition of the genocide and annexing land from Turkey.{{sfn|de Waal|2015|pp=140, 142}}{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=110}} A memorial was completed two years later, at [[Tsitsernakaberd]] above Yerevan.{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|p=110}}{{sfn|de Waal|2015|pp=146–147}}

[[Karabakh movement|Since 1988]], Armenians and Turkic [[Azeris]] have been involved in a [[Nagorno-Karabakh conflict|conflict]] over [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], an Armenian enclave internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Initially involving peaceful demonstrations by Armenians, the conflict turned violent and has featured massacres by both sides, resulting in the displacement of more than half a million people.{{sfn|Bloxham|2005|pp=232–233}}{{sfn|Cheterian|2015|pp=279–282}}{{sfn|de Waal|2015|pp=196–197}} During the conflict, the Azerbaijani and Armenian governments have regularly accused each other of plotting genocide.{{sfn|Bloxham|2005|pp=232–233}} Azerbaijan has also joined the Turkish effort to deny the Armenian genocide.{{sfn|Koinova|2017|p=122}}

===International recognition===
{{Main|Armenian genocide recognition}}
[[File:States recognising the Armenian Genocide recoloured.svg|thumb|upright=1.4|{{legend|#009e73|National legislatures that have passed resolutions recognizing the Armenian genocide}}
{{legend|#d55e00|States that explicitly deny the Armenian genocide}}|alt=see Commons description for full list of countries depicted]]

In response to continuing denial by the Turkish state, many Armenian diaspora activists have lobbied for international formal recognition of the Armenian genocide, an effort that has become a central concern of the Armenian diaspora.{{sfn|Koinova|2017|pp=112, 221–222}}{{sfn|de Waal|2015|p=3}} From the 1970s onward, many countries avoided recognition to preserve good relations with Turkey.{{sfn|Ben Aharon|2019|pp=340–341}} {{As of|2023}}, 31 [[UN member states]] have formally recognized the genocide, along with [[Pope Francis]] and the [[European Parliament]].{{sfn|Koinova|2017|p=117}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries that Recognize the Armenian Genocide |url=https://www.armenian-genocide.org/recognition_countries.html |website=[[Armenian National Institute]] |access-date=2023-12-14 |archive-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914185246/https://www.armenian-genocide.org/recognition_countries.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Azerbaijan, Pakistan, and Turkey explicitly deny the genocide.

===Cultural depictions===
{{main|Armenian genocide in culture}}
After meeting Armenian survivors in the Middle East, Austrian–Jewish writer [[Franz Werfel]] wrote ''[[The Forty Days of Musa Dagh]]'', a fictionalized retelling of the successful Armenian uprising in [[Musa Dagh]], as a warning of the dangers of [[Nazism]].{{sfn|Ihrig|2016|pp=1–2}} According to Ihrig, the book, released in 1933, is among the most important works of twentieth-century literature to address genocide and "is still considered essential reading for Armenians worldwide".{{sfn|Ihrig|2016|p=364}} The genocide became a central theme in English-language [[Armenian Americans#Arts and entertainment|Armenian-American literature]].{{sfn|Der Mugrdechian|2016|p=273}} The first film about the Armenian genocide, ''[[Ravished Armenia (film)|Ravished Armenia]],'' was released in 1919 as a fundraiser for Near East Relief, based on [[Ravished Armenia|the survival story]] of [[Aurora Mardiganian]], who played herself.{{sfn|Marsoobian|2016|pp=73–74}}{{sfn|Tusan|2014|pp=69–70}}{{sfn|de Waal|2015|pp=77–78}} Since then more films about the genocide have been made, although it took several decades for any of them to reach a mass-market audience.{{sfn|Marsoobian|2016|p=73}} The [[abstract expressionist]] paintings of [[Arshile Gorky]] were influenced by his experience of the genocide.{{sfn|Miller|2010|p=393}} More than [[List of Armenian genocide memorials|200 memorials]] have been erected in 32 countries to commemorate the event.<ref>{{cite web |title=Memorials to the Armenian Genocide |url=https://www.armenian-genocide.org/memorials.html |website=[[Armenian National Institute]] |access-date=25 February 2021 |archive-date=9 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809033251/http://www.armenian-genocide.org/memorials.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Archives and historiography ===
{{see also|Kemalist historiography}}
The genocide is extensively documented in the archives of Germany, Austria, the United States, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom,{{sfn|Dadrian|Akçam|2011|p=4}} as well as the [[Ottoman archives]], despite [[Armenian genocide denial#Destruction and concealment of evidence|systematic purges of incriminating documents by Turkey]].{{sfn|Akçam|2012|pp=xxii–xxiii, 25–26}} There are also thousands of [[Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide|eyewitness accounts]] from Western missionaries and Armenian survivors.{{sfn|Bloxham|Göçek|2008|p=345}}{{sfn|Chorbajian|2016|p=168}}{{sfn|Akçam|2018|p=11}} Polish-Jewish lawyer [[Raphael Lemkin]], who coined the term ''[[genocide]]'' in 1944, became interested in war crimes after reading about the 1921 trial of Soghomon Tehlirian for the assassination of Talaat Pasha. Lemkin recognized the fate of the Armenians as one of the most significant genocides in the twentieth century.{{sfn|de Waal|2015|pp=132–133}}{{sfn|Ihrig|2016|pp=9, 370–371}} Almost all historians and scholars outside Turkey, and an increasing number of Turkish scholars, recognize the destruction of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire as genocide.{{sfn|Göçek|2015|p=1}}{{sfn|Suny|2015|pp=374–375}}