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===Substance-induced=== Several drugs can cause or worsen anxiety, whether in intoxication, withdrawal or as side effect. These include [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]], [[tobacco]], [[sedative]]s (including prescription [[benzodiazepine]]s), [[opioid]]s (including prescription pain killers and illicit drugs like heroin), [[stimulant]]s (such as [[caffeine]], [[cocaine]] and amphetamines), [[hallucinogen]]s, and [[inhalants]].<ref>{{Cite web | author = National Institute on Drug Abuse |date=2012-08-03 |title=Prescription Drug Facts, Effects, Teen Use |url=https://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/prescription-drugs |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=NIDA for Teens |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518000257/https://teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/prescription-drugs |url-status=live }}</ref> While many often report self-medicating anxiety with these substances, improvements in anxiety from drugs are usually short-lived (with worsening of anxiety in the long term, sometimes with acute anxiety as soon as the drug effects wear off) and tend to be exaggerated.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brady KT, Haynes LF, Hartwell KJ, Killeen TK | title = Substance use disorders and anxiety: a treatment challenge for social workers | journal = Social Work in Public Health | volume = 28 | issue = 3β4 | pages = 407β423 | date = 2013 | pmid = 23731428 | pmc = 3775646 | doi = 10.1080/19371918.2013.774675 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Turner S, Mota N, Bolton J, Sareen J | title = Self-medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review of the epidemiological literature | journal = Depression and Anxiety | volume = 35 | issue = 9 | pages = 851β860 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 29999576 | pmc = 6175215 | doi = 10.1002/da.22771 }}</ref> Acute exposure to toxic levels of [[benzene]] may cause euphoria, anxiety, and irritability lasting up to 2 weeks after the exposure.<ref>{{Cite web|title = CDC β The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Systemic Agent: BENZENE β NIOSH|url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750032.html|website = www.cdc.gov|access-date = January 27, 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160117001341/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750032.html|archive-date = January 17, 2016|df = mdy-all}}</ref>
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