Editing Antisemitism (section)

===Enlightenment===
In 1744, Archduchess of Austria [[Maria Theresa of Austria|Maria Theresa]] ordered Jews out of [[Bohemia]] but soon reversed her position, on the condition that Jews pay for their readmission every ten years. This [[extortion]] was known among the Jews as {{lang|de|[[malke-geld]]}} ("queen's money" in Yiddish).<ref name="Singer et al. 1906, Under Maria Teresa">{{cite book |last=Büchler |first=Alexander |chapter=Hungary |editor1-last=Singer |editor1-first=Isidore |title=The Jewish Encyclopedia |date=1904 |publisher=[[Funk and Wagnalls Co.]] |location=New York and London |volume=6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/TheJewishEncyclopediaVIGodIstria/page/n511 494–503]}}</ref> In 1752, she introduced the law limiting each Jewish family to one son.

In 1782, [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] abolished most of these persecution practices in his {{lang|de|[[Toleranzpatent]]}},{{sfnp|O'Brien|1969|p=29}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Ingrao |first=W. Charles |title=The Habsburg Monarchy 1618-1815 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=1994 |page=199}}</ref> on the condition that [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] were eliminated from public records and that judicial autonomy was annulled.{{sfnp|O'Brien|1969|p=30}} [[Moses Mendelssohn]] wrote that "Such a tolerance... is even more dangerous play in tolerance than open persecution."

====Voltaire====
According to [[Arnold Ages]], [[Voltaire]]'s "Lettres philosophiques, Dictionnaire philosophique, and Candide, to name but a few of his better known works, are saturated with comments on Jews and Judaism and the vast majority are negative".<ref>Ages Arnold. "Tainted Greatness: The Case of Voltaire's Anti-Semitism: The Testimony of the Correspondence." Neohelicon 21.2 (Sept. 1994): 361.</ref> Paul H. Meyer adds: "There is no question but that Voltaire, particularly in his latter years, nursed a violent hatred of the Jews and it is equally certain that his animosity...did have a considerable impact on public opinion in France."<ref>Meyer, Paul H. "The Attitude of the Enlightenment Toward the Jew." Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 26 (1963): 1177.</ref> Thirty of the 118 articles in Voltaire's ''[[Dictionnaire Philosophique]]'' concerned Jews and described them in consistently negative ways.<ref>[[Léon Poliakov|Poliakov, L.]] ''The History of Anti-Semitism: From Voltaire to Wagner''. [[Routledge]] & Kegan Paul, Ltd., 1975 (translated). page 88-89.</ref>