Editing Amanita muscaria (section)

==In culture==
[[File:Ruebezahl (Moritz von Schwind).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Moritz von Schwind]]'s 1851 painting of ''[[Rübezahl]]'' features fly agarics.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mykoweb.com/art-registry/1750-1850.html|title= Art Registry: 1750–1850| work=Mykoweb|access-date= 2009-02-26| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090202145757/http://mykoweb.com/art-registry/1750-1850.html| archive-date= 2 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>]]The red-and-white spotted toadstool is a common image in many aspects of popular culture.<ref name="arora86" /> Garden ornaments and children's picture books depicting [[gnome]]s and [[fairy|fairies]], such as the [[Smurf]]s, often show fly agarics used as seats, or homes.<ref name="arora86">{{cite book |author=Arora, D. |year=1986 |title=Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=978-0-89815-169-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0/page/282 282–83] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/mushroomsdemysti00aror_0/page/282 }}</ref>{{sfn|Benjamin|1995|p=295}} Fly agarics have been featured in paintings since the [[Renaissance]],<ref name="urlMykoWeb -- Art Registry">{{cite web |url=http://www.mykoweb.com/art-registry/index.html |title=The Registry of Mushrooms in Works of Art |work=Mykoweb |access-date=2009-02-16| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090201132515/http://mykoweb.com/art-registry/index.html| archive-date= 1 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> albeit in a subtle manner. For instance, in [[Hieronymus Bosch]]'s painting, ''[[The Garden of Earthly Delights]]'', the mushroom can be seen on the left-hand panel of the work.<ref name="Michelot-2003">{{cite journal |last1=Michelot |first1=Didier |last2=Melendez-Howell |first2=Leda Maria |title=Amanita muscaria: chemistry, biology, toxicology, and ethnomycology |journal=Mycological Research |date=February 2003 |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=131–146 |doi=10.1017/s0953756203007305 |pmid=12747324 }}</ref> In the [[Victorian era]] they became more visible, becoming the main topic of some [[fairy painting]]s.<ref name="urlMushrooms in Victorian Fairy Paintings, by Elio Schachter">{{cite journal |url=http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/bestof/VicFP.html |title=Mushrooms in Victorian Fairy Paintings, by Elio Schachter |journal=Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming |access-date=2009-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115092517/http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/bestof/VicFP.html |archive-date=15 January 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Two of the most famous uses of the mushroom are in the ''[[Mario (franchise)|Mario]]'' franchise (specifically two of the [[Super Mario#Power-ups and transformations|Super Mushroom]] power-up items and the platforms in several stages which are based on a fly agaric),<ref name="SuperMushroom">{{cite web|url=http://www.ugo.com/a/top11-videogame-powerups/?cur=supermushroom |title=The Top 11 Video Game Powerups |publisher=[[UGO Networks]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028230817/http://www.ugo.com/a/top11-videogame-powerups/?cur=supermushroom |archive-date=October 28, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Chen |last2=Oberlies |first2=Nicholas H. |title=The most widely recognized mushroom: Chemistry of the genus ''Amanita'' |journal=Life Sciences |date=December 2005 |volume=78 |issue=5 |pages=532–538 |doi=10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.003 |pmid=16203016 |url=http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/N_Oberlies_Most_2005.pdf }}</ref> and the dancing mushroom sequence in the 1940 Disney film ''[[Fantasia (1940 film)|Fantasia]]''.{{sfn|Ramsbottom|1989|p=43}}

An account of the journeys of [[Philip Johan von Strahlenberg|Philip von Strahlenberg]] to Siberia and his descriptions of the use of the ''mukhomor'' there was published in English in 1736. The drinking of urine of those who had consumed the mushroom was commented on by Anglo-Irish writer [[Oliver Goldsmith]] in his widely read 1762 novel, ''Citizen of the World''.{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=122}} The mushroom had been identified as the fly agaric by this time.{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=123}} Other authors recorded the distortions of the size of perceived objects while intoxicated by the fungus, including naturalist [[Mordecai Cubitt Cooke]] in his books ''The Seven Sisters of Sleep'' and ''A Plain and Easy Account of British Fungi''.{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=125}} This observation is thought to have formed the basis of the effects of eating the mushroom in the 1865 popular story ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=126}} A hallucinogenic "scarlet toadstool" from Lappland is featured as a plot element in [[Charles Kingsley]]'s 1866 novel ''[[Hereward the Wake (novel)|Hereward the Wake]]'' based on the [[Hereward the Wake|medieval figure]] of the same name.{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=127}} [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s 1973 novel ''[[Gravity's Rainbow]]'' describes the fungus as a "relative of the poisonous [[Destroying angel]]" and presents a detailed description of a character preparing a cookie bake mixture from harvested ''Amanita muscaria''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pynchon, T.|title=Gravity's Rainbow|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York|year=1995|pages=92–93 |isbn=978-0-09-953321-4|title-link=Gravity's Rainbow}}</ref> Fly agaric shamanism—in the context of a surviving [[Dionysus|Dionysian]] cult in the [[Peak District]]—is also explored in the 2003 novel ''[[Thursbitch]]'' by [[Alan Garner]].{{sfn|Letcher|2006|p=129}}