Editing African National Congress (section)

=== Foreign policy and relations ===
{{See also|Russian invasion of Ukraine|Israel and apartheid|Black-Palestinian solidarity}}

The ANC has long had close ties with China and the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP), with the CCP having supported ANC's struggle of apartheid since 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-25 |title=How the political seeds of China's growing Africa ties were planted long ago |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3204290/how-political-seeds-chinas-growing-africa-ties-were-planted-long-ago |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> In 2008, the two parties signed a memorandum of understanding to train ANC members in China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Yun |date=5 July 2016 |title=Political party training: China's ideological push in Africa? |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2016/07/05/political-party-training-chinas-ideological-push-in-africa/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref>

President Cyril Ramaphosa and the ANC have not condemned the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], and have faced criticism from opposition parties,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine: Someone needs to speak for SA |url=https://www.da.org.za/2022/05/ukraine-someone-needs-to-speak-for-sa |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Democratic Alliance |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tonder |first=Anthony van |date=2022-03-23 |title=SA Government's Position on Russia's Invasion of Ukraine Does Not Reflect the Views of ALL South Africans |url=https://www.actionsa.org.za/sa-governments-position-on-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-does-not-reflect-the-views-of-all-south-africans/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=ActionSA |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Makhafola |first=Getrude |date=2022-03-15 |title='Yes, I studied in Russia' – MPs heckle during debate on Russia war in Ukraine |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/parliament/yes-i-studied-in-russia-mps-heckle-during-debate-on-russia-war-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref> public commentators,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldman |first=Howard |title=Howard Feldman {{!}} Ukraine crisis: The ANC is standing on the wrong side of history |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/opinions/columnists/howardfeldman/howard-feldman-the-anc-is-standing-on-the-wrong-side-of-history-20220302 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Polakow-Suransky |first2=Eusebius|last2= McKaiser|first1= Sasha |title=South Africa's Self-Defeating Silence on Ukraine |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/18/south-africa-ukraine-russia-putin-ramaphosa-war-diplomacy-negotiation/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Foreign Policy |date=18 March 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> academics,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan |first=Laurie |title=Russia's war in Ukraine: how South Africa blew its chance as a credible mediator |url=http://theconversation.com/russias-war-in-ukraine-how-south-africa-blew-its-chance-as-a-credible-mediator-181101 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Conversation |date=13 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hamill |first=James |date=2022-03-16 |title=South Africa Has Clearly Chosen a Side on the War in Ukraine |url=https://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/south-africa-has-chosen-a-side-on-ukraine-invasion-by-russia/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=World Politics Review |language=en-US}}</ref> civil society organisations,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mills |first1=Ray Hartley and Greg |date=2022-03-06 |title=WAR IN EUROPE OP-ED: Cries of pain and anguish — why the ANC is on the wrong side of history over Ukraine |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-06-cries-of-pain-and-anguish-why-the-anc-is-on-the-wrong-side-of-history-over-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fritz |first=Nicole |title=ANC mirrors Poland's Law & Justice party in flirting with tyranny |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/columnists/2022-03-02-nicole-fritz-anc-mirrors-polands-law-justice-party-in-flirting-with-tyranny/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BusinessLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jurgens |first1=Richard |date=2022-07-04 |title=Russia in Ukraine: South Africa's unprincipled stance |url=https://gga.org/russia-in-ukraine-south-africas-unprincipled-stance/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Good Governance Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> and former ANC members<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jurgens |first1=Richard |date=2022-07-05 |title=Foreign Relations Op-Ed: ANC government's position on Ukraine invasion unprincipled, inconsistent with SA values |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-07-05-anc-governments-position-on-ukraine-invasion-unprincipled-inconsistent-with-sa-values/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> due to this. The ANC youth wing has meanwhile condemned sanctions against Russia and denounced NATO's eastward expansion as "fascistic".<ref>{{cite news |date=7 March 2022 |title=German Embassy slaps down Russian claim its troops are fighting Nazism |language=en |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/german-embassy-russia-ukraine-nazism-b2029643.html |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Fabricius |first1=Peter |date=6 March 2022 |title=INTERVIEW WITH US DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE: United States slaps down Ramaphosa's criticism of Biden's pre-war Russia diplomacy |language=en |work=Daily Maverick |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-06-united-states-slaps-down-ramaphosas-criticism-of-bidens-pre-war-russia-diplomacy/ |access-date=17 April 2022}}</ref> Officials representing the ANC Youth League acted as international observers for Russia's [[2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine|staged referendum]] to annex Ukrainian territory claimed during the war.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Fabricius |first1=Peter |date=2022-09-25 |title=WAR IN EUROPE: ANC Youth League lends credibility to sham Moscow referendums in Ukraine |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-09-25-anc-youth-league-lends-credibility-to-sham-moscow-referendums-in-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> In February 2024 ANC Secretary-General [[Fikile Mbalula]] attend a "forum on combating Western neocolonialism"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Masuabi |first=Queenin |date=2024-02-13 |title=Fikile Mbalula off to Moscow for forum on combating Western neocolonialism |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-14-fikile-mbalula-heads-to-moscow-for-forum-on-combating-western-neocolonialism/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> hosted by Russia, thereby drawing further criticism for the party's perceived support for Russia's invasion.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Capa |first=Siyamtanda |title=Senior ANC delegation jets off to Moscow to join fight against 'new manifestation of colonialism' |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/senior-anc-delegation-jets-off-to-moscow-to-join-fight-against-new-manifestation-of-colonialism-20240214 |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The ANC had received large donations from the Putin linked Russian oligarch [[Viktor Vekselberg]], whilst the party's investment arm, [[Chancellor House (company)|Chancellor House]], has a joint investment with Vekselberg in a South African manganese mine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerber |first=Jan |title=Lady R's cargo manifest is 'classified' claims ANC as opposition wants answers |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/lady-rs-cargo-manifest-is-classified-claims-anc-as-opposition-wants-answers-20230523 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=South African ties to Russia shadow Ukraine peace mission |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230615-south-african-ties-to-russia-shadow-ukraine-peace-mission |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>