Editing Action (firearms) (section)

====Bolt release====
The '''bolt release''' or '''lever release''' action<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/southern-gun-co-lr9|title=Southern Gun Co LR9|last=Gun Mart TV|date=15 December 2016|publisher=Aceville Magazines Ltd.|via=Gunmart.net|access-date=14 October 2017|archive-date=14 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014184255/http://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/southern-gun-co-lr9|url-status=live}}</ref> is a hybrid repeating action that uses the physical manipulation of a bolt release lever/button to complete the cartridge chambering process. However, unlike the lever action (which demands the shooter's hand to actually provide the force needed for cycling the action), bolt release firearms eject the used cartridge automatically without involving the lever, usually via [[Blowback (firearms)|blowback]] or [[gas operation]], and often uses a spring-assisted mechanism to chamber the next round. However, after moving rearwards the [[bolt (firearms)|bolt]] is stopped by a bolt catch and will not move back into battery position and chamber the new round, until the user manually disengages the catch by depressing a release lever/button.  Due to the fact that the action can not complete its loading cycle without manual input from the user, it is technically a manually operated action rather than a self-loading one.

Whilst the basic principle can be traced back to other self-ejecting rifles, such as the single-shot [[H&R Firearms|Harrington & Richardson]] Model 755 rifle, this action has since been popularized in the United Kingdom by Southern Gun Company, who manufacture with "Manually Actuated Release System" (MARS) action rifles/[[pistol-caliber carbine]]s in [[.223 Remington|.223]], [[.308 Winchester|.308]], [[9mm Parabellum|9mm]] and [[.45 ACP]] calibers,<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern Gun Company Example Gun Builds|url=http://www.southern-gun.co.uk/example-gun-build/#9mmlr|publisher=Southern Gun Company|access-date=14 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002212548/http://www.southern-gun.co.uk/example-gun-build#9mmlr|url-status=live}}</ref> as the interrupted mechanism complies with [[Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988|The Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988]] which bans possession of self-loading [[Centerfire ammunition|centrefire]] rifles.  The French company [[Verney-Carron]] makes and exports the ''Speedline'' hunting rifle and the ''Véloce'' shotgun, which has caused some [[moral panic|moral concern]] in the [[mainstream media]] in Australia due to lobbying by the [[Australian Greens|Greens]] and anti-gun groups such as [[Gun Control Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/push-to-import-rapid-fire-shotgun-to-australia-sparks-concerns/9807790|title=Push to import new 'rapid-fire' shotgun into Australia sparks concerns|last=Carbonell|first=Rachel|date=2018-05-30|work=ABC News|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024190519/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/push-to-import-rapid-fire-shotgun-to-australia-sparks-concerns/9807790|url-status=live}}</ref> with [[David Shoebridge]] quoting the term "semi-semi-automatic".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://davidshoebridge.org.au/2018/06/08/media-release-new-semi-semi-automatic-firearms-fresh-risk-to-public-safety/|title=New "semi-semi-automatic" firearms fresh risk to public safety|publisher=David Shoebridge – Media Release|date=2018-06-08|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-date=2020-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029102529/https://davidshoebridge.org.au/2018/06/08/media-release-new-semi-semi-automatic-firearms-fresh-risk-to-public-safety/|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Similarly, [[Savage Arms]] has introduced the A17R and A22R rimfire rifles (both modified from its new A-series rifles, with a bolt release lever in front of the [[trigger guard]]), aiming at the Australian market, but law enforcement agencies such as the [[Northern Territory Police]] has attempted to unilaterally defining these rifles as "linear repeating firearms with assisted ejection" and reclassify them as [[semi-automatic rifle|semi-automatic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6515904/new-firearm-laws-catch-owners-by-surprise/|title=New firearm laws catch owners by surprise|last=McLennan|first=hris|date=2019-11-28|publisher=Katherine Times|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-date=2020-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022010139/https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6515904/new-firearm-laws-catch-owners-by-surprise/|url-status=live}}</ref> and hence prohibited without at least a Category C license, which is off-limit to most urban and rural residents who do not own farms.  In 2020, [[Česká zbrojovka firearms|CZ]] also introduced CZ 515, a bolt-release modified version of the CZ 512, to the Australian market via its importer [[Winchester Repeating Arms Company|Winchester Australia]].  The Turkish manufacturer Pardus Arms also produces the [[12-gauge shotgun|12 gauge]]-caliber BRS17 shotgun, which uses a bolt release button on the back of the [[receiver (firearm)|receiver]] to chamber rounds before firing.