Editing Zeeman effect (section)

==Nomenclature==
{{Anchor|anomalous}}Historically, one distinguishes between the '''normal''' and an '''anomalous Zeeman effect''' (discovered by [[Thomas Preston (scientist)|Thomas Preston]] in Dublin, Ireland<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Preston |first1=Thomas |title=Radiation phenomena in a strong magnetic field |journal=The Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society |date=1898 |volume=6 |pages=385–391 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015035446916;view=1up;seq=481 |series=2nd series}}</ref>). The anomalous effect appears on transitions where the net [[Spin (physics)|spin]] of the [[electron]]s is non-zero. It was called "anomalous" because the electron spin had not yet been discovered, and so there was no good explanation for it at the time that Zeeman observed the effect. [[Wolfgang Pauli]] recalled that when asked by a colleague as to why he looked unhappy, he replied: "How can one look happy when he is thinking about the anomalous Zeeman effect?"<ref>"Niels Bohr's Times: In Physics, Philosophy, and Polity" By Abraham Pais, page 201.</ref>

At higher magnetic field strength the effect ceases to be linear. At even higher field strengths, comparable to the strength of the atom's internal field, the electron coupling is disturbed and the spectral lines rearrange. This is called the [[#Strong field (Paschen–Back effect)|'''Paschen–Back effect''']].

In modern scientific literature, these terms are rarely used, with a tendency to use just the "Zeeman effect". Another rarely used obscure term is '''inverse Zeeman effect''',<ref>{{Cite book |edition = 4 |isbn = 978-0-07-256191-3 |last1 = Jenkins |first1 = Francis |last2 = White |first2 = Harvey |title = Fundamentals of Optics |date = 2001-12-03 |publisher = McGraw-Hill Education}}</ref> referring to the Zeeman effect in an absorption spectral line.

A similar effect, splitting of the ''nuclear'' energy levels in the presence of a magnetic field, is referred to as the '''nuclear Zeeman effect'''.<ref>{{Cite book |doi = 10.1088/978-0-7503-6039-5ch7 |last = Dunlap |first = Richard A. |chapter = Hyperfine interactions—part III: the magnetic dipole interaction and the nuclear Zeeman effect |pages = 7-1–7-9  |title = The Mössbauer Effect |edition = 2 | publisher = IOP Publishing |accessdate = 2024-03-04 |year = 2023 |isbn = 978-0-7503-6039-5 |url = https://iopscience.iop.org/book/mono/978-0-7503-6039-5/chapter/bk978-0-7503-6039-5ch7}}</ref>