Editing Zabrze (section)

===Early history===
[[File:Zabrze huta hala dmuchaw 2.jpg|thumb|left|A historic metallurgical building in Zabrze]]{{Historical populations|1950|128005|1960|188800|1970|197300|1980|196000|1990|201400|2000|197111|2010|186913|2020|170924|footnote=source <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.polskawliczbach.pl/Zabrze | title=Zabrze (śląskie) » mapy, nieruchomości, GUS, noclegi, szkoły, regon, atrakcje, kody pocztowe, wypadki drogowe, bezrobocie, wynagrodzenie, zarobki, tabele, edukacja, demografia }}</ref>}}
Biskupice, which is now a subdivision of Zabrze, was first mentioned in 1243 as ''Biscupici dicitur cirka [[Bytom|Bitom]]''{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}. Zabrze (or ''Old'' Zabrze) was mentioned in 1295–1305 as ''Sadbre sive Cunczindorf'' (German for '' [[Konrad (disambiguation)|Konrad]]/Kunze's village''; ''sive'' = "or"). According to historical sources, mining in Zabrze dates back to the 13th century.<ref name=am>{{cite web|url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/zabrze-zespol-zabudowy-dawnej-kopalni-krolowa-luiza|title=Zespół zabudowy dawnej Kopalni "Królowa Luiza"|website=Zabytek.pl|author=Agata Mucha|accessdate=25 July 2021|language=pl}}</ref> The present-day districts of Mikulczyce and Rokitnica were locations of [[motte-and-bailey castle]]s from the 13th-15th century, which are now archaeological sites.<ref name=mb>{{cite web|url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/g-290033|title=Grodzisko stożkowate (Mikulczyce)|website=Zabytek.pl|author=Michał Bugaj|accessdate=25 July 2021|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zabytek.pl/pl/obiekty/g-290037|title=Grodzisko stożkowate (Rokitnica)|website=Zabytek.pl|author=Michał Bugaj|accessdate=25 July 2021|language=pl}}</ref> In the 1970s, archaeologists discovered an [[Epipalaeolithic]] flintwork and [[flint]] tools from the [[Mesolithic]] at the Mikulczyce archaeological site.<ref name=mb/> In the [[Late Middle Ages]], the local [[Silesia]]n [[Piast]] dukes invited German settlers into the territory, resulting in increasing [[Ostsiedlung|German settlement]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}. The settlement was part of the [[Silesia]]n duchies of fragmented Poland. Zabrze became part of the [[Habsburg monarchy]] in 1526. In 1645, along with the [[Duchy of Opole]], Zabrze returned to Polish rule under the [[House of Vasa]], in 1666 it fell back to the Habsburgs, and was later annexed by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] during the [[Silesian Wars]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}. In 1774, the [[Dorota (village)|Dorotheendorf settlement]] was founded. In 1791, a [[coking coal]] seam was discovered in Zabrze, and then its first coking coal mine was opened.<ref name=am/> In the 19th century, new coal mines, steelworks, factories and a power plant were created. A road connecting [[Gliwice]] and [[Chorzów]] and a railway connecting [[Opole]] and [[Świętochłowice]] were led through Zabrze.