Editing Yousuf Karsh (section)

==Career==
[[File:Yousuf-Karsh.jpg|thumb|upright|Karsh in 1938]]
Karsh settled in [[Ottawa]], initially working for photographer John Powis;<ref name="Burant 2022">{{Cite book |last=Burant |first=Jim |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/ottawa-art-and-artists/key-artists/yousuf-karsh/ |title=Ottawa Art & Artists: An Illustrated History |publisher=Art Canada Institute |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-4871-0289-0 |location=Toronto |language=English}}</ref> his first commissions were from local Ottawa theatre groups.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Bassnett |first1=Sarah |last2=Parsons |first2=Sarah |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/art-books/photography-in-canada-1839-1989/key-photographers/yousuf-karsh/ |title=Photography in Canada, 1839–1989: An Illustrated History |publisher=Art Canada Institute |date=2023 |isbn=978-1-4871-0309-5 |publication-place=Toronto |language=en}}</ref> Karsh opened his first studio in 1932.<ref name="nyt obituary"/><ref name="canadianencyclopedia"/> It was located on the second floor of a building at 130 [[Sparks Street]], which was later named the Hardy Arcade.<ref name="ottawacitizen2009"/> He remained there until 1972, when he moved to the [[Château Laurier]].<ref name="canadianencyclopedia"/> He was known professionally as "Karsh of Ottawa",<ref name="gg.ca"/><ref name="guardian"/><ref name="ottawacitizen"/><ref name="irishtimes"/> which was also his signature.<ref name="people"/>

He achieved initial success by capturing the attention of Canadian Prime Minister [[Mackenzie King]], who helped Karsh arrange photography sessions with visiting dignitaries.<ref name="Time Berman"/> Karsh was also introduced into the Rideau Hall social circle, and his portraits of Lord Bessborough, Governor General from 1931 to 1935, and his wife were widely published.<ref name="Burant 2022"/> Karsh became a member of the Ottawa Camera Club and exhibited works in the International Salon of Photography exhibitions held at the [[National Gallery of Canada]] from 1934 onwards.<ref name="Burant 2022"/>

Throughout his life, Karsh photographed "anyone who was anyone."<ref name="economist"/> When asked why he almost exclusively captured famous people, he replied, "I am working with the world's most remarkable cross-section of people. I do believe it's the minority who make the world go around, not the majority."<ref name="guardian"/> He once also jokingly remarked, "I do it for my own immortality."<ref name="people"/> By the time he retired in 1992, more than 20 of his photos had appeared on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine.<ref name="Time Berman"/>

Karsh's photos were known for their use of dramatic [[lighting]], which became the hallmark of his portrait style. He had studied it with both Garo in Boston<ref name="canadianencyclopedia"/><ref name="gallery.ca"/> and at the [[Ottawa Little Theatre]], of which he was a member.<ref name="guardian"/><ref name="nyt obituary"/> Before a sitting, Karsh researched his subjects and talked to them.<ref name="Nayeri"/> He also often used props in his portraits, some of which were emblematic of his sitters' professions.<ref name=":0" />

[[File:Sir Winston Churchill - 19086236948.jpg|thumb|Karsh's portrait of [[Winston Churchill]], titled ''[[The Roaring Lion]]'', December 30, 1941]]

His 1941 photo of [[Winston Churchill]], the British Prime Minister, brought him international prominence.<ref name="slate"/><ref>{{cite journal|title=From Colonel Sanders to Grace Kelly: Iconic American Portraits by Yousuf Karsh|journal=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]|date=November 19, 2013|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/from-colonel-sanders-to-grace-kelly-iconic-american-portraits-by-yousuf-karsh-180947703/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804081354/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/from-colonel-sanders-to-grace-kelly-iconic-american-portraits-by-yousuf-karsh-180947703/ |archive-date=August 4, 2021}}</ref> The photograph was taken on December 30, 1941, in the Speaker's chamber of the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (Canada)|Speaker of the House of Commons]] in the [[Centre Block|Canadian Parliament]] in Ottawa after Churchill delivered a speech on [[World War II]] to the Canadian members of the parliament. It was arranged by Canadian Prime Minister [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]].<ref name="telegraph"/><ref name="ottawacitizen"/> Churchill is particularly noted for his posture and facial expression, which have been compared to the wartime feelings that prevailed in the UK: persistence in the face of an all-conquering enemy. The photo session was short and, just before exposure, Karsh moved towards Churchill and removed the cigar which was in his mouth. Churchill was miffed and showed his displeasure in the portrait.<ref name="economist"/> 

The photo, which according to ''[[The Economist]]'' is the "most reproduced portrait in the history of photography",<ref name="economist" /> has been described as one of the "most iconic portraits ever shot".<ref name="ottawacitizen" /> [[USC Fisher Museum of Art]] described it as a "defiant and scowling portrait [which] became an instant icon of Britain's stand against fascism."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Travis|first1=David|title=Yousuf Karsh: Regarding Heroes|work=USC Fisher Museum of Art |url=https://fisher.usc.edu/yousuf-karsh-regarding-heroes/|publisher=[[USC Fisher Museum of Art]], [[University of Southern California]]|year=2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523000223/https://fisher.usc.edu/yousuf-karsh-regarding-heroes/ |archive-date=May 23, 2021}}</ref> It appeared on the cover of the May 21, 1945, issue of ''Life'',<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Winston Churchill|magazine=Life|date=May 21, 1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50kEAAAAMBAJ}}</ref> which bought it for $100.<ref name="economist" /> One of the first prints of the original currently hangs on the wall in the Speaker's chamber of the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada, where the iconic image was photographed.<ref name="ottawacitizen" /> It is considered Churchill's most famous picture and appears on the [[Bank of England £5 note]].<ref name="Nayeri" />

On August 19, 2022, it was discovered that a Karsh-signed portrait residing in the reading room of the Château Laurier, Ottawa, had been stolen and replaced with a fake. A staff member noticed that the frame on the portrait did not match the other five portraits donated by Karsh in 1998. Jerry Fielder, the director of Karsh's estate, immediately recognized that the Karsh signature on the portrait was a forgery. Two years later Ottawa police announced that the photo had been located in Italy and had arrested an Ontario man in connection with its theft.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillis |first=Megan |date=August 23, 2022 |title=Famed Karsh photograph of Winston Churchill replaced with copy, Château Laurier says |work=[[Ottawa Citizen]] |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/famed-karsh-photograph-of-winston-churchill-replaced-with-copy-chateau-laurier-says |access-date=August 23, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Woods |first=Michael |date=August 22, 2022 |title=Iconic Sir Winston Churchill photograph stolen from Chateau Laurier, replaced with copy |work=[[CTV News]] |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/iconic-sir-winston-churchill-photograph-stolen-from-chateau-laurier-replaced-with-copy-1.6037493 |url-status=live |access-date=August 23, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822223428/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/iconic-sir-winston-churchill-photograph-stolen-from-chateau-laurier-replaced-with-copy-1.6037493 |archive-date=August 22, 2022}}</ref><ref name="w652">{{cite web | last=Matza | first=Max | title=Churchill photo stolen in Canada discovered in Italy | website=BBC News | date=September 11, 2024 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cd0511gyme3o | access-date=September 12, 2024}}</ref> The accused thief, Jeffrey Wood, pled guilty on March 14, 2025.<ref>{{cite web | last1 = Fraser | first1 = David | last2 = Hunter | first2 = Paul | date = March 14, 2025 | title = Guilty pleas for stealing Winston Churchill portrait from Ottawa hotel | url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/stolen-winston-churchill-photo-ottawa-italy-guilty-1.7482395 | website = CBC News | publisher = CBC | access-date = March 14, 2025 | quote = The 44-year-old from Powassan, a municipality of about 3,300 people south of North Bay, pleaded guilty Friday to forgery, theft over $5,000, and trafficking property obtained by crime. Three other charges were withdrawn.}}</ref>
[[File:Yousuf Karsh.jpg|thumb|upright|Karsh in 1936]]
During World War II, Karsh photographed political and military leaders and began capturing photos of writers, actors, artists, musicians, scientists, and celebrities in the post-war period.<ref name="artic"/> His 1957 portrait of the American novelist [[Ernest Hemingway]], taken at Hemingway's Cuban home [[Finca Vigía]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Finca La Vigía - Ernest Hemingway's Home in Cuba |url=http://www.hemingwaycuba.com/finca-la-vigia.html |website=hemingwaycuba.com}}</ref> is another well-known photo by Karsh.<ref name="cbc.ca"/> According to [[Amanda Hopkinson]] it made Hemingway look like the hero of his 1952 novel ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]''.<ref name="guardian"/> His other notable portraits include [[George Bernard Shaw]] at an old age (1943), [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] as a five-star general and Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (1946), American artist [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] in her New Mexico studio (1956), and Soviet leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]] swathed in fur (1963).<ref name="nyt obituary"/> In 1984, Karsh photographed the Canadian rock band [[Rush (band)|Rush]] for their album [[Grace Under Pressure (Rush album)|''Grace Under Pressure'']].

Besides portraits of the famous, Karsh photographed assembly line workers in [[Windsor, Ontario]], commissioned by the [[Ford Motor Company of Canada]].<ref name="ottawacitizen"/> He also shot photos for [[Canadair]] that were used in an advertising campaign.<ref name=":0" /> His landscape photographs of Rome and the Holy Land were included in books in collaboration with Bishop [[Fulton J. Sheen]], an annual poster for the [[Muscular Dystrophy Association]], and other works.<ref name="telegraph"/>

Karsh closed his studio at Château Laurier in June 1992.<ref name="canadianencyclopedia" /> His penultimate sittings in May 1993 were with President [[Bill Clinton]] and First Lady [[Hillary Clinton|Hillary]].<ref name="sitting">{{cite web|title=Sittings|url=https://karsh.org/sittings/page/339/?order=date&show=40|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825150554/https://karsh.org/sittings/page/339/?order=date&show=40|archive-date=August 25, 2021|website=karsh.org|publisher=Estate of Yousuf Karsh}}</ref>

He was a visiting professor at [[Ohio University]] and at [[Emerson College]] in Boston.<ref name="nyt obituary"/>

Of the 100 most famous people of the 20th century according to ''[[International Who's Who]]'' (2000), Karsh photographed 51.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fotores.ru/posts/vremia-vdokhnovliatsia-znamenitymi-fotografami-4979.html|title=Время вдохновляться знаменитыми фотографами :) {{!}} Фоторесурсы|website=fotores.ru|access-date=March 18, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|lang=ru|url=https://www.armmuseum.ru/news-blog/2016/9/29/-90|title=Выставка армянина по происхождению в Лондоне|website=Армянский музей Москвы и культуры наций|date=September 29, 2016 |access-date=March 18, 2021}}</ref> Among them were [[Audrey Hepburn]], [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[Pablo Picasso]], [[Walt Disney]], Princess Elizabeth (future [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]), [[Leonid Brezhnev]], [[Nikita Khrushchev]], [[Martin Luther King]], [[Fidel Castro]], [[Yuri Gagarin]] and others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cameralabs.org/aeon/master-fotografii-yusuf-karsh/albom|title=Юсуф Карш: портреты людей, изменивших 20-й век|lang=ru|first=Татьяна|last=Тиора|website=Cameralabs|access-date=February 14, 2024}}</ref>

===Gallery===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="160">
File:DuncanCampbellScott23.jpg|[[Duncan Campbell Scott]] (1933)
File:LordTweedsmuirHeaddress.jpg|[[John Buchan]] (1937)
File:Elizabeth II of UK 1943.jpg|[[Elizabeth II]] (1943)
File:PeterLorre.jpg|[[Peter Lorre]] (1946)
File:Tyrone Power 1946.jpg|[[Tyrone Power]] (1946)
File:Jan Smuts 1947.jpg|[[Jan Smuts]] (1947)
File:Lord Beaverbrook 1947.jpg|[[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]] (1947)
File:Marx Brothers 1948 (cropped).jpg|[[Marx Brothers]] (1948)
</gallery>