Editing Yeti (section)

==Etymology and alternative names==
{{Contains special characters|Tibetan|section}}

The word ''Yeti'' is derived from {{bo|t=གཡའ་དྲེད་|w=g.ya' dred|z=Yachê}}, a compound of the words {{bo|t=གཡའ་|w=g.ya'|z=ya}} "rocky", "rocky place" and ({{bo|t=དྲེད་|w=dred|z=chê}}) "bear".<ref name=pranBobay >{{cite journal |author=Pranavananda, Swami |title=The Abominable Snowman | journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society | volume= 54|year=1957}}</ref><ref name=stonorState >Stonor, Charles (30 January 1954). ''The Statesman in Calcutta''</ref><ref name=swanp882884 >{{cite journal |author=Swan, Lawrence W.|title=Abominable Snowman|date=18 April 1958|journal=Science |pages=882–84|volume=127| issue = 3303|pmid=17733822 |doi=10.1126/science.127.3303.882-b|bibcode=1958Sci...127..882S|s2cid=5372649 }}</ref><ref name=IzzardP2122 >Izzard, Ch. 2, pp. 21–22.</ref> Pranavananda<ref name=pranBobay /> states that the words "ti", "te" and "teh" are derived from the spoken word 'tre' (spelled "dred"), Tibetan for bear, with the 'r' so softly pronounced as to be almost inaudible, thus making it "te" or "teh".<ref name=pranBobay /><ref name=izzardp199>Izzard, Ch. 2, p. 199.</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Sherpa and the Snowman|author=Stonor, Charles |year=1955 |publisher=Hollis and Carter}}</ref>

Tibetan lore describes three main varieties of Yetis—the '''Nyalmo''', which has black fur and is the largest and fiercest, standing around fifteen feet tall; the '''Chuti''', which stands around eight feet tall and lives {{convert|8,000|and|10,000|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level; and the '''Rang Shim Bombo''', which has reddish-brown fur and is only {{convert|3|and|5|ft|abbr=on}} tall.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bhairav|first1=J. Furcifer|title=Ghosts, Monsters, and Demons of India|last2=Khanna|first2=Rakesh|publisher=Blaft Publications Pvt. Ltd.|year=2020|isbn=9789380636474|location=India|pages=428–429}}</ref>

Other terms used by Himalayan peoples do not translate exactly the same, but refer to legendary and indigenous wildlife:

* '''Michê''' ({{bo|t=མི་དྲེད་|w= mi dred|z=Michê}}) translates as "man-[[bear]]".<ref name=swanp882884 /><ref>Izzard, Ch. 2, p. 22.</ref>
* '''Dzu-teh''' – 'dzu' translates as "[[cattle]]" and the full meaning translates as "cattle bear", referring to the [[Himalayan brown bear]].<ref name=stonorState /><ref name=izzardp199 /><ref>{{cite journal |author=Pranavananda, Swami  |date= July–September 1955|volume=30| pages = 99–104|journal=Indian Geographical Journal|title=Abominable Snowman}}</ref><ref name=jacksonMM >{{cite book |author=Jackson, John A. |title=More than Mountains |year=1955|publisher=George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd.}}</ref>
* '''Migoi''' or '''Mi-go''' ({{bo|t=མི་རྒོད་|w=mi rgod|z=Migö/Mirgö}}) translates as "wild man".<ref name=izzardp199 /><ref name=jacksonMM />
* '''Bun Manchi''' – Nepali for "jungle man" that is used outside Sherpa communities where '''yeti''' is the common name.<ref>Taylor</ref>
* '''Mirka''' – Another name for "wild-man". Local legend holds that "anyone who sees one dies or is killed". The latter is taken from a written statement by [[Frank Smythe]]'s [[Sherpa people|sherpas]] in 1937.<ref>Tilman, p. 131.</ref>
* '''Kang Admi''' – "Snow Man".<ref name=jacksonMM />
* '''Jungli Admi''' – "Wild Man".<ref>{{cite book |title=Dust and Snow. Half a lifetime in India|author=Cooke, C. Reginald |year=1988 |publisher=C.R. Cooke|pages=326–328}}</ref>
* '''Xueren''' (Chinese: 雪人) - "Snow Man"

===Other names and locations===
In [[Folklore of Russia|Russian folklore]], the ''Chuchuna'' is an entity said to dwell in [[Siberia]].  It has been described as six to seven feet tall and covered with dark hair.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}  According to the native accounts from the nomadic [[Yakuts|Yakut]] and [[Tungusic peoples|Tungus]] tribes, it is a well built, [[Neanderthal]]-like man wearing pelts and bearing a white patch of fur on its forearms. It is said to occasionally consume human flesh, unlike their close cousins, the [[Almas (folklore)|''Almastis'']].  Some witnesses reported seeing a tail on the creature's corpse. It is described as being roughly six to seven feet tall.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} There are additional tales of large, reclusive, bipedal creatures worldwide, notably including both "[[Bigfoot]]" and the "Abominable Snowman."

====The Abominable Snowman====
The name ''Abominable Snowman'' was coined in 1921, the year Lieutenant-Colonel [[Charles Howard-Bury]] led the [[1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition]],<ref name=buryP121124 >{{cite journal|author=Howard-Bury, Charles|date=February 1921|title=Some Observations on the Approaches to Mount Everest|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=57|pages=121–24|doi=10.2307/1781561|issue=2|jstor=1781561|bibcode=1921GeogJ..57..121B|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449364|access-date=4 July 2019|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309040312/https://zenodo.org/record/1449364|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yourghusband, Francis |author2=Collie, H. Norman |author3=Gatine, A. |name-list-style=amp |date=February 1922 |title=Mount Everest" The reconnaissance: Discussion |journal=The Geographical World Journal |volume=59 |pages=109–12 |doi=10.2307/1781388 |issue=2 |jstor=1781388 |bibcode=1922GeogJ..59..109Y |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1449352 |access-date=4 July 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308192610/https://zenodo.org/record/1449352 |url-status=live }}</ref> which he chronicled in ''Mount Everest The Reconnaissance, 1921''.<ref name=howardBury141 >{{cite book |author=Howard-Bury, Charles  |year=1921|title=Mount Everest The Reconnaissance, 1921|publisher=Edward Arnold|chapter=19|page=141|isbn=978-1-135-39935-1}}</ref> In the book, Howard-Bury includes an account of crossing the [[Lhagba La|Lhagpa La]] at {{convert|21000|ft|abbr=on}} where he found footprints that he believed "were probably caused by a large 'loping' grey wolf, which in the soft snow formed double tracks rather like those of a bare-footed man". He adds that his Sherpa guides "at once volunteered that the tracks must be that of 'The Wild Man of the Snows', to which they gave the name 'metoh-kangmi{{'"}}.<ref name=howardBury141 /> "Metoh" translates as "man-bear" and "kang-mi" translates as "snowman".<ref name=pranBobay /><ref name=swanp882884 /><ref name=jacksonMM /><ref>Izzard, Ch. 2, p. 21.</ref>

Confusion exists between Howard-Bury's recitation of the term "metoh-kangmi"<ref name=buryP121124 /><ref name=howardBury141 /> and the term used in [[Bill Tilman]]'s book ''Mount Everest, 1938''<ref name=tilmanP127137>Tilman, pp. 127–37</ref> where Tilman had used the words "metch", which does not exist in the [[Lhasa Tibetan|Tibetan language]],<ref name=izzardP24 >Izzard, Ch. 2, p. 24.</ref> and "kangmi" when relating the coining of the term "Abominable Snowman".<ref name=swanp882884 /><ref name=jacksonMM /><ref name=tilmanP127137 /><ref name=straus-Vol123 >{{cite journal |last=Straus |first=William L. Jr. |journal=Science|volume= 123|title=Abominable Snowman|date=8 June 1956|pages= 1024–25| issue= 3206|doi=10.1126/science.123.3206.1024 |pmid=17800969|bibcode=1956Sci...123.1024S}}</ref> Further evidence of "metch" being a misnomer is provided by Tibetan language authority Professor [[David Snellgrove]] from the [[SOAS University of London|School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London]] (ca. 1956), who dismissed the word "metch" as impossible, because the consonants "t-c-h" cannot be conjoined in the Tibetan language.<ref name=izzardP24 /> Documentation suggests that the term "metch-kangmi" is derived from one source (from the year 1921).<ref name="tilmanP127137"/> It has been suggested that "metch" is simply a misspelling of "metoh".

The use of "Abominable Snowman" began when Henry Newman, a longtime contributor to ''[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]'' in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], writing under the pen name "Kim",<ref name=IzzardP2122 /> interviewed the porters of the "Everest Reconnaissance expedition" on their return to Darjeeling.<ref name=tilmanP127137 /><ref>{{cite journal |author= Kirtley, Bacil F. | title=Unknown Hominids and New World legends | pages=77–90 |journal=Western Folklore | volume=23|date=April 1964| doi=10.2307/1498256 | issue= 1304 |jstor= 1498256}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Masters |first=John |date=January 1959 |title=The Abominable Snowman |url=https://harpers.org/archive/1959/01/the-abominable-snowman/ |url-access=subscription |magazine=[[Harper's Magazine]] |volume=CCXVIII |issue=1304 |page=31 |access-date=17 July 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809125355/https://harpers.org/archive/1959/01/the-abominable-snowman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Newman mistranslated the word "metoh" as "filthy", substituting the term "abominable", perhaps out of artistic licence.<ref>Izzard, Ch. 2, p. 23.</ref> As author Bill Tilman recounts, "[Newman] wrote long after in a letter to ''The Times'': The whole story seemed such a joyous creation I sent it to one or two newspapers".<ref name=tilmanP127137 />