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==History== Xylene was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist [[Auguste André Thomas Cahours|Auguste Cahours]] (1813–1891), having been discovered as a constituent of [[wood tar]].<ref>Cahours, Auguste (1850) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2987x/f319.image.langEN "Recherches sur les huiles légéres obtenues dans la distillation du bois"] (Investigations of light oils obtained by the distillation of wood), ''Compte rendus'', '''30''' : 319-323; see especially p. 321. From p. 321: ''"Je le désignerai sous le nomme ''xylène''."'' (I will designate it by the name of ''xylene''.) Note: Cahours' empirical formula for xylene is incorrect because chemists at that time used the wrong atomic mass for carbon (6 instead of 12).</ref>
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