Editing Wilhelm Bleek (section)

== San people (Bushmen) ==
Bleek's first contact with [[San people]] (Bushmen) was with prisoners at [[Robben Island]] and the Cape Town Gaol and House of Correction, in 1857. He conducted interviews with a few of these prisoners, which he used in later publications. These people all came from the [[Burgersdorp]] and [[Colesberg]] regions and spoke variations of one similar-sounding "Bushman" language. Bleek was particularly keen to learn more about this "[[Khoisan languages|Bushman]]" language and compare it to examples of "Bushman" vocabulary and language earlier noted by [[Hinrich Lichtenstein]] and obtained from missionaries at the turn of the 19th century.

In 1863 resident magistrate Louis Anthing introduced the first [[ǀXam language|ǀXam]]-speakers to Bleek. He brought three men to Cape Town from the Kenhardt district to stand trial for attacks on farmers (the prosecution was eventually waived by the [[Attorney General]]). In 1866 two San prisoners from the Achterveldt near Calvinia were transferred from the [[Breakwater Convict Station|Breakwater prison]] to the Cape Town prison, making it easier for Bleek to meet them. With their help, Bleek compiled a list of words and sentences and an alphabetical vocabulary. Most of these words and sentences were provided by Adam Kleinhardt (see Bleek I-1, UCT A1.4.1).

[[File:The-Hill-early-1870s-BC151-B1226-This-is-the-only-photograph-of-the-Hill-dating-from W640.jpg|thumb|The Hill in Mowbray in the early 1870s when the Bleeks lived there and where many of the ǀXam prisoners interviews occurred]]

In 1870 Bleek and [[Lucy Lloyd|Lloyd]], by now working together on the project to learn "Bushman" language and record personal narratives and folklore, became aware of the presence of a group of 28 [[ǀXam]] prisoners (San from the central interior of southern Africa) at the Breakwater Convict Station and received permission to relocate one prisoner to their home in Mowbray so as to learn his language. The prison chaplain, Revd Fisk, was in charge of the selection of this individual – a young man named |a!kunta. But because of his youth, |a!kunta was unfamiliar with much of his people's folklore and an older man named [https://www.capetownmuseum.org.za/they-built-this-city/kabbo ||kabbo] was then permitted to accompany him. ||kabbo became Bleek and Lloyd's first real teacher, a title by which he later regarded himself. Over time, members of ||kabbo's family and other families lived with Bleek and Lloyd in Mowbray, and were interviewed by them. Amongst the people interviewed by Bleek was [[!Kweiten-ta-Ken]]. Many of the |Xam-speakers interviewed by Bleek and Lloyd were related to one another. Bleek and Lloyd learned and wrote down their language, first as lists of words and phrases and then as stories and narratives about their lives, history, folklore and remembered beliefs and customs.

Bleek, along with Lloyd, made an effort to record as much anthropological and ethnographic information as possible. This included genealogies, places of origin, and the customs and daily life of the informants. Photographs and measurements (some as specified by [[Thomas Huxley]]'s global [[ethnographic]] project, see Godby 1996) were also taken of all their informants in accordance with the norms of scientific research of the time in those fields. More intimate and personal painted portraits were also commissioned of some of the [[ǀXam language|Xam]] teachers.

Although Bleek and [[Lucy Lloyd|Lloyd]] interviewed other individuals during 1875 and 1876 (Lloyd doing this alone after Bleek's death), most of their time was spent interviewing only six individual |Xam contributors. Bleek wrote a series of reports on the language and the literature and folklore of the |xam-speakers he interviewed, which he sent to the Cape Secretary for Native Affairs. This was first in an attempt to gain funding to continue with his studies and then also to make Her Majesty's Colonial Government aware of the need to preserve San folklore as an important part of the nation's heritage and traditions. In this endeavour Bleek must surely have been influenced by Louis Anthing.