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===Early years=== Werner Karl Heisenberg was born in [[Würzburg]], Germany, to [[Kaspar Ernst August Heisenberg]],<ref>{{harvnb|Cassidy|2009|p=12}}</ref> and his wife, Annie Wecklein. His father was a secondary school teacher of [[classical language]]s who became Germany's only ''[[ordentlicher Professor]]'' (ordinarius professor) of medieval and [[modern Greek]] studies in the university system.<ref>{{harvnb|Cassidy|1992|p=3}}</ref> Heisenberg was raised and lived as a [[Lutheran]] Christian.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20101129213817/http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Werner_Heisenberg.html The religion of Werner Heisenberg, physicist]}}. Adherents.com. Retrieved on 1 February 2012.</ref> In his late teenage years, Heisenberg read Plato's ''[[Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' while hiking in the Bavarian Alps. He recounted philosophical conversations with his fellow students and teachers about understanding the [[atom]] while receiving his scientific training in Munich, Göttingen and Copenhagen.<ref>{{harvnb|Carson|2010|p=149}}</ref> Heisenberg later stated that "My mind was formed by studying philosophy, Plato and that sort of thing"<ref>{{Cite journal|arxiv=1307.1244|doi=10.1007/s10699-019-09619-2|title=Science and Philosophy: A Love–Hate Relationship|year=2020|last1=De Haro|first1=Sebastian|s2cid=118408281|journal=Foundations of Science|volume=25|issue=2|pages=297–314}}</ref> and that "Modern physics has definitely decided in favor of Plato. In fact the smallest units of matter are not physical objects in the ordinary sense; they are forms, ideas which can be expressed unambiguously only in mathematical language".<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Wilber |first1=Ken |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4ekMrkHmngC&pg=PA52 |title=Quantum Questions: Mystical Writings of the World's Great Physicists |date=10 April 2001 |publisher=Shambhala Publications |isbn=978-0-8348-2283-2 |pages=52}}</ref> In 1919 Heisenberg arrived in Munich as a member of the ''[[Freikorps]]'' to fight the [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]] established a year earlier. Five decades later he recalled those days as youthful fun, like "playing cops and robbers and so on; it was nothing serious at all";<ref>Miller, Arthur (2009). ''137: Jung, Pauli and the pursuit of a scientific obsession''. New York: Norton & Company. p. 31. {{ISBN|978-0-393-33864-5}}</ref> his duties were restricted to "seizing bicycles or typewriters from 'red' administrative buildings", and guarding suspected "red" prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rechenberg |first1=Helmut |title=Werner Heisenberg – Die Sprache der Atome. Leben und Wirken |date=2010 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-69221-8 |page=36}}</ref>
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