Editing Washington Heights, Manhattan (section)

===Early history===
[[File:A Topographical map of North. Part of New York Island, exhibiting the Plan of Fort Washington now Fort Knyphausen with the Rebels Lines to the Southward.jpg|thumb|A topographic map of northern [[Manhattan]] made by the British in November 1776 following the fall of [[Fort Washington (Manhattan)|Fort Washington]] during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]<ref name=knyphausen/>]]
[[File:Old Blue-Bell Tavern, Kingsbridge Road (NYPL b13512825-424351) - Smaller Image.jpg|thumb|Blue Bell Tavern on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]]]]
[[File:Paterno Castle postcard.jpg|thumb|Paterno Castle]]
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area was traversed by American Indians from the [[Woodland Period|Early Woodland Period]],<ref name=encnyc2/>{{Rp|117}} who left remains of shellfish and pottery at the site of the present-day [[Little Red Lighthouse]].<ref name="indianpathsmetro">{{cite book|title=Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis|first=Reginald|last=Pelham Bolton|access-date=April 21, 2020|year=1909|publisher=[[Museum of the American Indian]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2O-FAAAAIAAJ}}</ref>{{Rp|79}} Washington Heights is part of the section of [[Upper Manhattan|northern Manhattan]] that is the homelands of the [[Wecquaesgeek]]s (originally a name for the area meaning "birch-bark country"),<ref name=ftpresbyterianhd>{{cite book|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2337.pdf|title=Fort Washington Presbyterian Church|access-date=March 28, 2021|date=May 12, 2009|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]}}</ref>{{Rp|3}} a band of the [[Wappinger]] and a [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] people.<ref name="gotham">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4NDALYWSAC|title=Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898|first1=Edwin G.|first2=Mike|last1=Burrows|last2=Wallace|author-link1=Edwin G. Burrows|author-link2=Mike Wallace (historian)|year=1999|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=9780199741205}}</ref>{{Rp|5}}<ref name="forttryonhighlights">{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-tryon-park/history|title=Fort Tryon Park Highlights|access-date=April 21, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]}}</ref><ref name="audubonparkhd">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2335.pdf|title=Audubon Park Historic District|access-date=April 21, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=May 12, 2009}}</ref> The winding path of [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] north of 168th Street and [[St. Nicholas Avenue]] to its south is living evidence of the old Wecquaesgeek trail which travelled along the [[Hudson Valley]] from [[Lower Manhattan]] all the way through [[Albany, New York|Albany]].<ref name="indianpathsmetro"/>{{Rp|74}}<ref name=encnyc2>{{cite enc-nyc2}}</ref>{{Rp|442}} On the plateau west of Broadway between 175th and 181st Streets, the residents had been cultivating crops in a field known to [[Dutch people|Dutch]] colonists as the "Great [[Maize]] Field".<ref name="heightseventful" />{{Rp|133}}<ref name="lighthousehd">{{cite web|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1654.pdf|title=Jeffrey's Hook Lighthouse|access-date=May 1, 2020|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=May 14, 1991}}</ref>{{Rp|2}}