Editing Warsaw (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Warsaw}}
{{For timeline}}

===1300–1800===
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The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in [[Bródno]] (9th/10th century) and [[Ujazdów Castle|Jazdów]] (12th/13th century).<ref name="history"/> After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new fortified settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called "Warszowa". The Prince of [[Płock]], Bolesław II of Masovia, established the modern-day city in about 1300 and the first historical document attesting to the existence of a [[castellan]]y dates to 1313.<ref name="views">{{cite book |author=Dobrosław Kobielski |title=Widoki dawnej Warszawy (Views of Old Warsaw) |year=1984 |publisher=Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza |location=Warsaw |isbn=83-03-00702-5 |language=pl}}</ref> With the completion of [[St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw|St John's Cathedral]] in 1390, Warsaw became one of the seats of the [[Duke of Masovia|Dukes of Masovia]] and was officially made capital of the [[Duchy of Masovia|Masovian Duchy]] in 1413.<ref name="history"/> The economy then predominantly rested on craftsmanship or trade, and the town housed approximately 4,500 people at the time.

[[File:Hogenberg View of Warsaw (detail).jpg|thumb|right|A paper engraving of 16th-century Warsaw showing [[St. John's Archcathedral (Warsaw)|St. John's Archcathedral]] to the right.]]

During the 15th century, the population migrated and spread beyond the northern city wall into a newly formed self-governing precinct called [[Warsaw New Town|New Town]]. The existing older settlement became eventually known as the [[Warsaw Old Town|Old Town]]. Both possessed their own town charter and independent councils. The aim of establishing a separate district was to accommodate new incomers or "undesirables" who were not permitted to settle in Old Town, particularly [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jews]].<ref name="Davies">{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |title=God's Playground |url=https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0 |url-access=registration |edition=2 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-19-925339-0}}</ref> Social and financial disparities between the classes in the two precincts led to a minor revolt in 1525.<ref name="views"/> Following the sudden death of [[Janusz III of Masovia|Janusz III]] and the extinction of the local ducal line, Masovia was incorporated into the [[Kingdom of Poland]] in 1526.<ref name="history"/> [[Bona Sforza]], wife of [[Sigismund I of Poland]], was widely accused of poisoning the duke to uphold Polish rule over Warsaw.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muzeumwarszawy.pl/obiekt/fragment-szaty-ksiazat-mazowieckich/ |title=Fragment szaty książąt mazowieckich |website=Muzeum Warszawy |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808001447/https://muzeumwarszawy.pl/obiekt/fragment-szaty-ksiazat-mazowieckich/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://przekroj.pl/nauka/malo-czarujacy-koniec-piastow-mazowieckich-adam-weglowski |title=Mało czarujący koniec Piastów mazowieckich – Kwartalnik Przekrój |website=przekroj.pl |date=20 February 2018 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=28 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028113311/https://przekroj.pl/nauka/malo-czarujacy-koniec-piastow-mazowieckich-adam-weglowski |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of a [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland|General Sejm]] and held that privilege permanently from 1569.<ref name="history"/> The city's rising importance encouraged the construction of a new set of defenses, including the landmark [[Warsaw Barbican|Barbican]]. Renowned [[Italian architecture|Italian architects]] were brought to Warsaw to reshape the [[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Royal Castle]], the streets and the marketplace, resulting in the Old Town's early Italianate appearance. In 1573, the city gave its name to the [[Warsaw Confederation]] which formally established religious freedom in the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. Due to its central location between the capitals of the Commonwealth's two component parts, [[Poland]] and [[Lithuania]], which were [[Kraków]] and [[Vilnius]] respectively, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish Crown]] when [[Sigismund III Vasa]] transferred his royal court in 1596.<ref name="history"/> In the subsequent years the town significantly expanded to the south and westwards. Several private independent districts (''[[jurydyka]]'') were the property of aristocrats and the gentry, which they ruled by their own laws. Between 1655 and 1658 the city was besieged and pillaged by the Swedish, [[Margraviate of Brandenburg|Brandenburgian]] and [[Transylvania]]n forces.<ref name="history"/><ref name=Ascheron/> The conduct of the [[Great Northern War]] (1700–1721) also forced Warsaw to pay heavy tributes to the invading armies.<ref name="timeline"/>

The reign of [[Augustus II the Strong|Augustus II]] and [[Augustus III of Poland|Augustus III]] was a time of great development for Warsaw, which turned into an early-capitalist city. The [[Saxony|Saxon]] monarchs employed many German architects, sculptors and engineers, who rebuilt the city in a style similar to [[Dresden]]. The year 1727 marked the opening of the [[Saxon Garden]] in Warsaw, the first publicly accessible park.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zom.waw.pl/statics/static-maps/file/Ogr%c3%b3d%20Saski%20PDF_1439287908.pdf |title=Ogród Saski|language=pl|access-date=27 November 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208160642/https://zom.waw.pl/statics/static-maps/file/Ogr%C3%B3d%20Saski%20PDF_1439287908.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Załuski Library]], the first Polish public library and the largest at the time, was founded in 1747.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://free.polbox.pl/p/psbor/eniema.htm |title=The Bygone Warsaw |date=14 March 2008 |access-date=18 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314193715/http://free.polbox.pl/p/psbor/eniema.htm |archive-date=14 March 2008}}</ref> [[Stanisław II Augustus]], who remodelled the interior of the [[Royal Castle, Warsaw|Royal Castle]], also made Warsaw a centre of culture and the arts.<ref name="Rozek" /><ref name="Stanley" /> He extended the [[Royal Baths Park]] and ordered the construction or refurbishment of numerous palaces, mansions and richly-decorated tenements. This earned Warsaw the nickname ''Paris of the North''.<ref name="Golna" />

[[File:Bellotto New Town Market Square.jpg|thumb|right|[[Warsaw New Town]] in 1778. Painted by [[Bernardo Bellotto]].]]

Warsaw remained the capital of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] until 1795 when it was annexed by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in the third and final [[Partitions of Poland|partition of Poland]];<ref>Crowley, David (2003). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=E4cM2Hf8KYsC&pg=PA10 Warsaw]''. London: Reaktion Books. p.&nbsp;10.</ref> it subsequently became the capital of the province of [[South Prussia]]. During this time, [[Louis XVIII of France]] spent his exile in Warsaw under the pseudonym ''Comte de Lille''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sobieszczański |first=Franciszek Maksymilian |date=1974 |title=Rys historyczno-statystyczny wzrostu i stanu miasta Warszawy |location=Warsaw|publisher=Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy |pages=131, 452–453 |oclc=1163562236 |language=pl}}</ref>

===1800–1939===
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Warsaw was made the capital of a newly created [[List of French client states|French client state]], known as the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], after a portion of Poland's territory was liberated from Prussia, Russia and Austria by [[Napoleon I|Napoleon]] in 1806.<ref name="history" /> Following Napoleon's defeat and exile, the 1815 [[Congress of Vienna]] assigned Warsaw to [[Congress Poland]], a [[constitutional monarchy]] within the easternmost sector (or partition) under a [[personal union]] with [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]].<ref name="history" /> The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.

With the violation of the [[Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland|Polish constitution]], the 1830 [[November Uprising]] broke out against foreign influence. The Polish-Russian war of 1831 ended in the uprising's defeat and in the curtailment of Congress Poland's autonomy.<ref name="history"/> On 27 February 1861, a Warsaw crowd protesting against Russian control over Congress Poland was fired upon by Russian troops.<ref name=Naliwajek/><ref name="obrien"/> Five people were killed. The Underground [[Polish National Government (January Uprising)|Polish National Government]] resided in Warsaw during the [[January Uprising]] in 1863–64.<ref name="obrien"/>

Warsaw flourished throughout the 19th century under Mayor [[Sokrates Starynkiewicz]] (1875–92), who was appointed by [[Alexander III of Russia|Alexander III]]. Under Starynkiewicz Warsaw saw its first water and sewer systems designed and built by the English engineer [[William Lindley]] and his son, [[William Heerlein Lindley]], as well as the expansion and modernisation of trams, street lighting, and gas infrastructure.<ref name="history"/> Between 1850 and 1882, the population grew by 134% to 383,000 as a result of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation. Many migrated from surrounding rural Masovian towns and villages to the city for employment opportunities. The western borough of [[Wola]] was transformed from an agricultural periphery occupied mostly by small farms and windmills (mills being the namesake of Wola's central neighbourhood [[Młynów, Warsaw|Młynów]]) to an industrial and manufacturing centre.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34885,3653279.html?disableRedirects=true |title=Wyborcza.pl |website=warszawa.wyborcza.pl |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622133846/https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34885,3653279.html?disableRedirects=true |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Metallurgy|Metallurgical]], textile and glassware factories were commonplace, with chimneys dominating the westernmost skyline.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sarp.warszawa.pl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/H.Radziejowska_Wola_przemys%C5%82.pdf |title=Wola przemysł|language=pl|access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923145313/https://sarp.warszawa.pl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/H.Radziejowska_Wola_przemys%C5%82.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 250
| image1            = Warszawa. Ul. Marszalkowska. 191- (67220614).jpg
| caption1          = [[Marszałkowska Street, Warsaw|Marszałkowska Street]], before 1920
| image2            = Warszawa, Filharmonia. ante 1906 (12981792) (cropped).jpg
| caption2          = [[National Philharmonic in Warsaw|National Philharmonic]], before 1906
}}

Like [[London]], Warsaw's population was subjected to income segmentation. Gentrification of inner suburbs forced poorer residents to move across the river into [[Praga]] or [[Powiśle, Warsaw|Powiśle]] and [[Solec, Warsaw|Solec]] districts, similar to the [[East End of London]] and [[London Docklands]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34862,17781069,Gentryfikacja_w_Warszawie__nie_patrzec_slepo_na__wzorce.html?disableRedirects=true |title=Wyborcza.pl |website=warszawa.wyborcza.pl |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622165610/https://warszawa.wyborcza.pl/warszawa/1,34862,17781069,Gentryfikacja_w_Warszawie__nie_patrzec_slepo_na__wzorce.html?disableRedirects=true |url-status=live }}</ref> Poorer religious and ethnic minorities, such as the Jews, settled in the crowded parts of northern Warsaw, in [[Muranów]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.masaperlowa.pl/zydowska-warszawa-wspolczesnie/ |title=Żydowska Warszawa. Współcześnie |date=12 April 2018 |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622164018/http://www.masaperlowa.pl/zydowska-warszawa-wspolczesnie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Russian Empire Census|Imperial Census]] of 1897 recorded 626,000 people living in Warsaw, making it the third-largest city of the Empire after [[St. Petersburg]] and Moscow as well as the largest city in the region.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://russianhistoryblog.org/2016/05/visualizing-the-1897-census-in-pie-charts/ |title=Visualizing the 1897 Census in Pie Charts – Russian History Blog |website=russianhistoryblog.org |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927085628/http://russianhistoryblog.org/2016/05/visualizing-the-1897-census-in-pie-charts/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Grand architectural complexes and structures were also erected in the city centre, including the [[Warsaw Philharmonic]], the [[Church of the Holiest Saviour]] and tenements along [[Marszałkowska Street]].

During [[World War I]], Warsaw was occupied by Germany from 4 August 1915 until November 1918. The [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]] concluded that defeated Germany is to withdraw from all foreign areas, which included Warsaw.<ref name=Wandycz/> Germany did so, and underground leader [[Józef Piłsudski]] returned to Warsaw on the same day which marked the beginning of the [[Second Polish Republic]], the first truly sovereign Polish state after 1795. In the course of the [[Polish–Soviet War]] (1919–1921), the 1920 [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]] was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city. Poland successfully defended the capital, stopped the brunt of the Bolshevik [[Red Army]] and temporarily halted the "[[export of revolution|export of the communist revolution]]" to other parts of Europe.<ref name=Zamoyski/>

The interwar period (1918–1939) was a time of major development in the city's infrastructure. New [[modernism|modernist]] housing estates were built in [[Mokotów]] to de-clutter the densely populated inner suburbs. In 1921, Warsaw's total area was estimated at only {{convert|124.7|km2|abbr=on}} with 1 million inhabitants–over 8,000 people/km<sup>2</sup> made Warsaw more densely populated than contemporary London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://datablog.pl/wykres-powierzchnia-warszawy-w-latach-1921-2008/#:~:text=Historyczne%20dane%20G%C5%82%C3%B3wnego%20Urz%C4%99du%20Statystycznego,ona%20oko%C5%82o%20517%20km%20kwadratowych. |title=Powierzchnia Warszawy w latach 1921-2008 |date=16 February 2015 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621102100/http://datablog.pl/wykres-powierzchnia-warszawy-w-latach-1921-2008/#:~:text=Historyczne%20dane%20G%C5%82%C3%B3wnego%20Urz%C4%99du%20Statystycznego,ona%20oko%C5%82o%20517%20km%20kwadratowych. |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Średnicowy Bridge]] was constructed for railway (1921–1931), connecting both parts of the city across the [[Vistula]]. [[Warszawa Główna railway station]] (1932–1939) was not completed due to the outbreak of the [[Second World War]].

[[Stefan Starzyński]] was the [[List of mayors of Warsaw|Mayor of Warsaw]] between 1934 and 1939.

===Second World War===
[[File:Powstanie Warszawskie film Joachmiczyk.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Warsaw Uprising]] took place in 1944. The [[Armia Krajowa|Polish Home Army]] attempted to liberate Warsaw from the Germans before the arrival of the [[Red Army]].<ref name=britannica/>]]

After the German [[Invasion of Poland]] on 1 September 1939 started the Second World War, Warsaw [[Siege of Warsaw (1939)|was defended]] until 27 September. Central Poland, including Warsaw, came under the rule of the [[General Government]], a German [[Nazism|Nazi]] colonial administration. All higher education institutions were immediately closed and Warsaw's entire Jewish population – several hundred thousand, some 30% of the city{{spaced ndash}}were herded into the [[Warsaw Ghetto]].<ref name=ushmm/> In July 1942, the Jews of the Warsaw Ghetto began to be deported en masse to the [[Aktion Reinhard]] extermination camps, particularly [[Treblinka]].<ref name=ushmm/> The city would become the centre of urban resistance to Nazi rule in occupied Europe.<ref name=Snyder/> When the order came to annihilate the ghetto as part of [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]'s "[[Final Solution]]" on 19 April 1943, Jewish fighters launched the [[Warsaw Ghetto Uprising]].<ref name="ghettouprising"/> Despite being heavily outgunned and outnumbered, the ghetto held out for almost a month.<ref name="ghettouprising"/> When the fighting ended, almost all survivors were massacred, with only a few managing to escape or hide.<ref name="ghettouprising"/><ref name=aish/>

By July 1944, the [[Red Army]] was deep into Polish territory and pursuing the Nazis toward Warsaw.<ref name="uprising"/> The [[Polish government-in-exile]] in London gave orders to the underground [[Armia Krajowa|Home Army (AK)]] to try to seize control of Warsaw before the Red Army arrived. Thus, on 1 August 1944, as the Red Army was nearing the city, the [[Warsaw uprising]] began.<ref name="uprising"/> The armed struggle, planned to last 48 hours, was partially successful, however, it went on for 63 days. Eventually, the Home Army fighters and civilians assisting them were forced to capitulate.<ref name="uprising"/> They were transported to [[Prisoner of war|PoW]] camps in Germany, while the entire civilian population was expelled.<ref name="uprising"/> Polish civilian deaths are estimated at between 150,000 and 200,000.<ref name=Borkiewicz/>

Hitler, ignoring the agreed terms of the capitulation, ordered the [[Destruction of Warsaw|entire city to be razed to the ground]] and the library and museum collections taken to Germany or burned.<ref name="uprising"/> Monuments and government buildings were blown up by special German troops known as ''Verbrennungs- und Vernichtungskommando'' ("Burning and Destruction Detachments").<ref name="uprising"/> About 85% of the city was destroyed, including the historic Old Town and the Royal Castle.<ref name=warsawuprising_com/>

On 17 January 1945&nbsp;– after the beginning of the [[Vistula–Oder Offensive]] of the [[Red Army]]&nbsp;– Soviet troops and Polish troops of the [[First Polish Army (1944-1945)|First Polish Army]] entered the ruins of Warsaw, and liberated Warsaw's suburbs from German occupation.<ref name=Adamczyk/> The city was swiftly freed by the Soviet Army, which rapidly advanced towards [[Łódź]], as German forces regrouped at a more westward position.

===1945–1989===
In 1945, after the bombings, revolts, fighting, and demolition had ended, most of Warsaw lay in ruins. The area of the former ghetto was razed to the ground, with only a sea of rubble remaining. The immense destruction prompted a temporary transfer of the new government and its officials to [[Łódź]], which became the transitional seat of power. Nevertheless, Warsaw officially resumed its role as the capital of Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life.

After World War II, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the major housing shortage. [[Plattenbau]]-styled apartment buildings were seen as a solution to avoid Warsaw's former density problem and to create more green spaces. Some of the buildings from the 19th century that had survived in a reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless demolished in the 1950s and 1960s, like the [[Leopold Stanisław Kronenberg|Kronenberg Palace]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/warsaws-lost-architecture-portrayed-in-miniature/ |title=Warsaw's lost architecture portrayed in miniature |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-date=22 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322044051/http://www.timesofisrael.com/warsaws-lost-architecture-portrayed-in-miniature/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.warszawa1939.pl/index.php?r1=malachowskiego_4&r3=0 |title=Pałac Leopolda Kronenberga |work=warszawa1939.pl |access-date=29 July 2008 |language=pl |archive-date=6 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206061000/http://www.warszawa1939.pl/index.php?r1=malachowskiego_4&r3=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Śródmieście, Warsaw|Śródmieście]] (central) region's urban system was completely reshaped; former cobblestone streets were [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]ed and significantly widened for traffic use. Many notable streets such as Gęsia, Nalewki and Wielka disappeared as a result of these changes and some were split in half due to the construction of [[Parade Square|Plac Defilad]] (Parade Square), one of the largest of its kind in Europe.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsAhAQAAIAAJ&q=plac+defilad+warszawa+jednym+z+najwiekszym+plac%C3%B3w+w+europie |isbn=9788370221607 |title=200 lat muzealnictwa warszawskiego: Dzieje i perspektywy : Materiały sesji naukowej, Zamek Królewski w Warszawie, 16-17 listopada 2005 roku |year=2006 |publisher=Arx Regia |access-date=20 March 2023 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003604/https://books.google.com/books?id=FsAhAQAAIAAJ&q=plac+defilad+warszawa+jednym+z+najwiekszym+plac%C3%B3w+w+europie |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:A Kultúra és Tudomány Palotája. Fortepan 75020 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Palace of Culture and Science]] in 1960.]]

Much of the central district was also designated for future skyscrapers. The 237-metre [[Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw|Palace of Culture and Science]] resembling New York's [[Empire State Building]] was built as a gift from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://warszawa.naszemiasto.pl/palac-kultury-i-nauki-najmniej-lubiany-symbol-warszawy/ar/c1-3824033 |title=Pałac Kultury i Nauki – najmniej lubiany symbol Warszawy |first=Przemysław |last=Ziemichód |date=2 June 2017 |website=Warszawa Nasze Miasto |access-date=21 June 2020 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622081749/https://warszawa.naszemiasto.pl/palac-kultury-i-nauki-najmniej-lubiany-symbol-warszawy/ar/c1-3824033 |url-status=live }}</ref> Warsaw's urban landscape is one of modern and contemporary architecture.<ref>{{cite book |author=David Crowley |title=Warsaw |year=2003 |page=156 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=18-61891-79-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E4cM2Hf8KYsC&q=warsaw+modern+architecture&pg=PA156 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818053519/https://books.google.com/books?id=E4cM2Hf8KYsC&q=warsaw+modern+architecture&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite wartime destruction and post-war remodelling, many of the historic streets, buildings, and churches were restored to their original form.

[[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]'s visits to his native country in 1979 and 1983 brought support to the budding [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|"Solidarity" movement]] and encouraged the growing [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] fervor there.<ref name="destination"/> In 1979, less than a year after becoming pope, John Paul celebrated Mass in [[Piłsudski Square|Victory Square]] in Warsaw and ended his sermon with a call to "renew the face" of Poland.<ref name="destination"/> These words were meaningful for Varsovians and Poles who understood them as the incentive for liberal-democratic reforms.<ref name="destination"/>

===1989–present===
In 1995, the [[Warsaw Metro]] opened with a single line.<ref>{{cite web |title=Warsaw Metro |url=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/warsawmetro/ |website=Railway Technology}}</ref> A second line was opened in March 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/warszawa-opens-second-metro-line.html |title=Warszawa opens second metro line |first=DVV Media |last=UK |work=railwaygazette.com |access-date=13 April 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418035101/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/warszawa-opens-second-metro-line.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 September 2022, three new Warsaw metro stations were opened, increasing the number of Warsaw Metro stations to 36 and its length to 38.3 kilometers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Inforegio - 3 subsequent stations of Warsaw's Metro Line 2 up and running! |url=https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/newsroom/news/2022/09/28-09-2022-3-subsequent-stations-of-warsaw-s-metro-line-2-up-and-running |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref> In February 2023, Warsaw's mayor, [[Rafał Trzaskowski]], announced plans to more than double the size of the city's metro system by 2050.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tilles |first1=Daniel |title=Warsaw unveils plans to more than double size of metro |url=https://notesfrompoland.com/2023/02/14/warsaw-unveils-plans-to-more-than-double-size-of-metro/ |website=Notes From Poland |date=14 February 2023}}</ref>

{{As of |alt=With the entry of Poland into the [[European Union]] in 2004,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Impact of Poland's EU Accession on its Economy |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/105205/335.pdf |website=files.ethz.ch}}</ref>|2023|01}} Warsaw is experiencing a large economic boom.<ref name=polandtrade/> The opening fixture of [[UEFA Euro 2012]] took place in Warsaw<ref name=poland2012/> and the city also hosted the [[2013 United Nations Climate Change Conference]]<ref>{{cite web |title=WARSAW CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE - NOVEMBER 2013 |url=https://unfccc.int/conference/warsaw-climate-change-conference-november-2013 |website=unfccc.int |access-date=25 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926102710/https://unfccc.int/conference/warsaw-climate-change-conference-november-2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and the [[2016 Warsaw summit|2016 NATO Summit]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NATO summit, Warsaw, Poland, 8-9 July 2016 |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-summit/2016/07/08-09/ |website=consilium.europa.eu |access-date=25 September 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926102709/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/meetings/international-summit/2016/07/08-09/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As of August 2022, Warsaw had received around 180,000 refugees from Ukraine, because of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]. The amount means a tenth of the Polish capital's population of 1.8 million — the second-largest single group of Ukrainian refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title='Time stopped': Ukrainians long to go home as war drags on |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-poland-migration-00b1b341c356c26db266c64e4e2b5541 |work=AP News |date=22 August 2022 |language=en |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403160458/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-poland-migration-00b1b341c356c26db266c64e4e2b5541 |url-status=live }}</ref>