Editing Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship (section)

===Ethnic and religious structure===
In year 1824, shortly before its [[Province of Prussia|merger]] with [[West Prussia]], the population of East Prussia was 1,080,000 people.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://obc.opole.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=8541|title=Jeografia wschodniéy części Europy czyli Opis krajów przez wielorakie narody słowiańskie zamieszkanych: obejmujący Prussy, Xsięztwo Poznańskie, Szląsk Pruski, Gallicyą, Rzeczpospolitę Krakowską, Krolestwo Polskie i Litwę|last=Plater|first=Stanisław|publisher=u Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna|year=1825|location=Wrocław|pages=17|language=pl}}</ref> Of that number, according to [[Karl Andree]], Germans were slightly more than half, while 280,000 (~26%) were [[Polish people|ethnically Polish]] and 200,000 (~19%) were [[Prussian Lithuanians|ethnically Lithuanian]],<ref name="Karl Andree">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xgUEAAAAYAAJ&pg=P218|title=Polen: in geographischer, geschichtlicher und culturhistorischer Hinsicht|last1=Andree|first1=Karl|publisher=Verlag von Ludwig Schumann|year=1831|page=218|language=de}}</ref> however large portions of its German and Lithuanian populations lived in the northern half of the region, outside of the present Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship. As of year 1819 there were also some 2,400 Jews, according to Georg Hassel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen Staatenbund darstellt|last=Hassel|first=Georg|publisher=Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar|year=1823|pages=41|language=de}}</ref> Similar numbers are given by [[August von Haxthausen]] in his 1839 book, with a breakdown by county.<ref name="Haxthausen">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gsj1FBg0gvUC&pg=PA75|title=Die Ländliche Verfassung in den Einzelnen Provinzen der Preussischen Monarchie|last1=Haxthausen|first1=August|year=1839|pages=75–91|language=de}}</ref> But the majority of East Prussian Polish and Lithuanian inhabitants were [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]], not [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholics]] like their ethnic kinsmen across the border in the [[Russian Empire]]. Only in Southern [[Warmia]] [[Catholic Church in Poland|Catholic Poles]] – so called [[Warmiak]]s (not to be confused with predominantly [[Masurians|Protestant Masurians]]) – comprised the majority of population, numbering 26,067 people (~81%) in [[Landkreis Allenstein|county Allenstein]] (Polish: [[Olsztyn]]) in 1837.<ref name="Haxthausen"/> Another minority in 19th-century East Prussia, were ethnically Russian Old Believers, also known as [[Philipons|Philipponnen]] – their main town was Eckersdorf ([[Wojnowo, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Wojnowo]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wojnowo.net/wojnowo-history|title=Monastery of the Dormition of the Mother of God in Wojnowo (Eckersdorf)|website=wojnowo.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Die Slawen in Deutschland: beiträge zur volkskunde der Preussen, Litauer und Letten, der Masuren und Philipponen, der Tschechen, Mährer und Sorben, Polaben und Slowinzen, Kaschuben und Polen|last=Tetzner|first=Franz|publisher=Verlag von F. Vieweg|year=1902|location=Braunschweig|pages=212–248}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inne-jezyki.amu.edu.pl/Frontend/Language/Details/28|title=Old Believers in Poland – historical and cultural information|website=Poland's Linguistic Heritage}}</ref> The Polish population was subjected to [[Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions|Germanisation]] and ''[[Kulturkampf]]'' policies.

In year 1817, East Prussia had 796,204 [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Christians]], 120,123 [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]], 864 [[Mennonites]] and 2,389 Jews.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10001094?page=57|title=Übersicht der Bodenfläche und Bevölkerung des Preußischen Staates : aus den für das Jahr 1817 mtlich eingezogenen Nachrichten|last=Hoffmann|first=Johann Gottfried|publisher=Decker|year=1818|location=Berlin|pages=51}}</ref>

The Warmian–Masurian Voivodeship has the largest number of ethnic [[Ukrainian minority in Poland|Ukrainians living in Poland]]<ref>{{in lang|pl}} [http://www.mswia.gov.pl/portal/pl/61/37/ Mniejszości narodowe i etniczne w Polsce] on the pages of [[Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration]]. Retrieved on 9 September 2007</ref> due to forced relocations (such as [[Operation Vistula]]) carried out by the Soviet and [[Polish Communist]] authorities.

[[Pasłęk]] in the western part of the voivodeship is considered the first place in present-day Poland where [[Dutch people|Dutch]] immigrants settled (in 1297).<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III |url=https://archive.org/details/slownik-3 |year=1882|language=pl |location=Warszawa |publisher=nakł. Filipa Sulimierskiego i Władysława Walewskiego |page=96}}</ref> There is a claim that they were participants in the killing of [[Floris V, Count of Holland]] in 1296, who then fled east, which is alluded to by Dutch poet [[Joost van den Vondel]] in his work ''Gijsbrechcie van Aemstel'' (1637).<ref>{{cite book|last=Morciniec|first=Norbert|title=Historia literatury niderlandzkiej do końca 19. wieku|year=2019|language=pl|publisher=Oficyna Wydawnicza ATUT|location=Wrocław|page=106|isbn=978-83-7977-424-1}}</ref>