Editing Walla Walla, Washington (section)

===Native history and early settlement===
{{See also|Tragedy at Waiilatpu|Whitman Mission National Historic Site}}
[[File:Old Mission, Waiilatpu (3641703520).jpg|alt=Old Mission, Waiilatpu|left|thumb|Old Mission, Waiilatpu]]

Walla Walla's history starts in 1806 when the [[Lewis and Clark Expedition|Lewis and Clark expedition]] encountered the [[Walla Walla people|Walawalałáma]] (Walla Walla people) near the mouth of [[Walla Walla River]]. Other inhabitants of the valley included the [[Cayuse people|Liksiyu]] (Cayuse), [[Umatilla people|Imatalamłáma]] (Umatilla), and [[Nez Perce people|Niimíipu]] (Nez Perce) indigenous peoples.<ref name=":7"/> In 1818, Fort Walla Walla (originally [[Fort Nez Percés]]), a fur trading outpost run by [[Hudson's Bay Company]] (HBC), was established and operated as an important stopping point in [[Oregon Country]].<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=The Many Fort Walla Wallas –- Whitman Mission National Historic Site |url=https://www.nps.gov/whmi/learn/historyculture/the-many-fort-walla-wallas.htm |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref> Abandoned in 1855, it is now underwater behind the [[McNary Dam]].<ref name=":52">{{cite web |last=Colt Denfeld |first=Duane |date=July 9, 2011 |title=Fort Walla Walla |url=https://www.historylink.org/file/9649 |work=[[HistoryLink]] |accessdate=February 20, 2022}}</ref>

On October 16, 1836,<ref name=":110">{{cite web |last=Wilma |first=David |date=February 14, 2003 |title=Dr. Marcus Whitman establishes a mission at Waiilatpu on October 16, 1836. |url=http://www.historylink.org/file/5191 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref> after news of a Nez Perce{{Efn|Some sources say that Flathead ([[Bitterroot Salish]]) delegates were sent, but the Nez Perce tribe has claimed all four delegates as belonging to their tribes. It has been suggested that "Flathead" was being used to describe the Nez Perce appearance, rather than the tribe.<ref name=":162" /><ref name="calvary">{{Cite news |last=Bell |first=Kim |date=March 30, 2003 |title=Nez Perce ceremony "reclaims" two Indians |pages=C13 |work=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=34492438&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE0MjgzMzAyMywiaWF0IjoxNjQ1OTA3OTMxLCJleHAiOjE2NDU5OTQzMzF9.c84grBJmQbW1Ttx6NIhoh-M81ti8liWjwkOzeswk-4s}}</ref>|name=np}} expedition to learn about [[Christianity]] and a deal was brokered between the Cayuse people for the use of the Waiilatpu region,<ref name=":162">{{Cite journal |last=Haines |first=Francis |date=1937 |title=The Nez Percé Delegation to St. Louis in 1831 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3634109 |journal=Pacific Historical Review |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=71–78 |doi=10.2307/3634109 |jstor=3634109 |issn=0030-8684}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12021586 |title=The great father : the United States government and the American Indians |date=1986 |isbn=978-0-8032-8712-9 |edition=Abridged |location=Lincoln |oclc=12021586}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Drury |first=Clifford M. |date=1939 |title=The Nez Perce "Delegation" of 1831 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20611199 |journal=[[Oregon Historical Quarterly]] |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=283–287 |jstor=20611199 |issn=0030-4727}}</ref><ref name=":172">{{Cite book |last=Lyman |first=William Denison |author-link=William Denison Lyman |title=Lyman's History of old Walla Walla County |publisher=Outlook Verlag |year=2020 |isbn=978-3752433838 |language=English}}</ref> [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] missionaries [[Marcus Whitman|Marcus]] and [[Narcissa Whitman]] established the [[Whitman Mission National Historic Site|Whitman Mission]].<ref name=":202">{{Cite book |last=Harden |first=Blaine |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1226073551 |title=Murder at the mission : a frontier killing, its legacy of lies, and the taking of the American West |date=2021 |others=Jeffrey L. Ward |isbn=978-0-525-56166-8 |location=[New York] |oclc=1226073551}}</ref><ref name=":212">{{Cite journal |last=Belknap |first=George N. |date=1961 |title=Authentic Account of the Murder of Dr. Whitman: The History of a Pamphlet |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24299944 |journal=The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=319–346 |doi=10.1086/pbsa.55.4.24299944 |jstor=24299944 |s2cid=193120962 |issn=0006-128X}}</ref> A deep distrust of the settlers was cultivated between the Cayuse and the settlers as the Whitmans struggled to convert the natives, failed to fulfill promises, and shifted their focus to whites passing through along the [[Oregon Trail]].<ref name=":202" /><ref name=":212" /> In 1847, following a deadly [[measles]] outbreak, and reports of the Whitmans poisoning the Cayuse, the Whitmans were warned to leave the area because of the Cayuse custom of killing medicine men whose patients died. They refused to leave, and were [[Whitman massacre|killed by the Cayuse, along with 12 others]].<ref name=":202" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Tate |first=Cassandra |date=April 16, 2010 |title=Trial of five Cayuse accused of Whitman murder begins on May 21, 1850. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9401 |access-date=March 4, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref name=":212" /> The site was later designated as Whitman National Monument, a [[National Historic Site (United States)|National Historic Site]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Park Archives: Whitman Mission National Historic Site |url=http://npshistory.com/publications/whmi/index.htm |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=npshistory.com}}</ref>

[[Catholic missions|Catholic missionaries]] also arrived in the 1840s, and the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] ceremonies resonated with the tribe.<ref name=":52" /><ref name=":110" /> On July 24, 1846, [[Pope Pius IX]] established the Diocese of Walla Walla. [[Augustin-Magloire Blanchet]] was appointed the first Bishop of Walla Walla, but fled shortly after the Whitman massacre. The Diocese of Walla Walla is now a [[titular see]] held by [[Witold Mroziewski]], an [[auxiliary bishop]] of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn|Brooklyn, New York]].<ref name=":32">{{cite web |title=Titular Episcopal See of Walla Walla |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t1986.htm |access-date=October 9, 2018 |website=GCatholic}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{cite web |last=Paulus |first=Michael J. Jr. |date=August 17, 2010 |title=Catholicism in the Walla Walla Valley |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/9514 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref>

[[File:Walla walla.jpg|thumb|Fort Walla Walla, 1874]]

In 1855, the [[Walla Walla Council (1855)|Walla Walla Treaty Council]] was held at Waiilatpu between the [[Washington State Legislature|Washington Territorial Assembly]] and the tribal leaders of the surrounding area. Despite the indigenous people citing [[Natural law|Tamanwit]] (natural law), the following year the natives agreed to surrender millions of acres of land for a [[Indian reservation|native reservation]] and $150,000.<ref name=":7"/><ref name=":112">{{cite web |last=Nisbet |first=Jack |date=May 20, 2008 |title=Artist Gustavus Sohon documents the Walla Walla treaty council in May, 1855. |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/8595 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{cite web |title=Treaty of Walla Walla, 1855 |url=https://goia.wa.gov/tribal-government/treaty-walla-walla-1855 |publisher=Washington Governor's Office of Indian Affairs |access-date=February 21, 2022}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{cite web |last=Trafzer |first=Cliff |date=October 22, 2018 |title=Walla Walla Treaty Council 1855 |url=https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/walla_walla_treaty_council_1855/#.YhMxk9-IZB0 |access-date=February 20, 2022 |website=[[Oregon Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> The [[Umatilla Indian Reservation]]'s boundaries eventually shrunk to less than {{convert|200,000|acre|ha}}.<ref name=":92">{{cite web |last=Tate |first=Cassandra |date=April 3, 2013 |title=Cayuse Indians |url=http://www.historylink.org/File/10365 |access-date=February 22, 2022 |website=[[HistoryLink]]}}</ref>