Editing Voivodeships of Poland (section)

== Current ==
[[File:Poland administrative division 1999 literki.png|thumb|Map of Polish voivodeships since 1999 (abbreviations)|left]]

=== Administrative powers ===
Competences and powers at voivodeship level are shared between the [[Voivodes of Poland (since 1999)|voivode]] (governor), the [[Voivodeship sejmik|sejmik]] (regional assembly) and the [[voivodeship marshal|marshal]]. In most cases these institutions are all based in one city, but in [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavian-Pomeranian]] and [[Lubusz Voivodeship]] the voivode's offices are in a different city from those of the executive and the sejmik. Voivodeship capitals are listed in the table below.

The ''voivode'' is appointed by the [[Prime Minister of Poland|Prime Minister]] and is the regional representative of the central government. The voivode acts as the head of central government institutions at regional level (such as the police and fire services, passport offices, and various inspectorates), manages central government property in the region, oversees the functioning of local government, coordinates actions in the field of public safety and environment protection, and exercises special powers in emergencies. The voivode's offices collectively are known as the {{lang|pl|urząd wojewódzki}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Granat |first1=Miroslaw |last2=Granat |first2=Katarzyna |title=The Constitution of Poland: A Contextual Analysis |date=28 November 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-5099-1396-1 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJzGDwAAQBAJ |language=en |access-date=21 March 2023 |archive-date=3 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403142853/https://books.google.com/books?id=AJzGDwAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The {{lang|pl|sejmik}} is elected every five years. (The first of the five-year terms began in 2018; previous terms lasted four years.)<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/prawo-i-finanse/samorzadowcy-dostali-dodatkowy-rok-jak-wykorzystaja-5-letnia-kadencje,113514.html | title=Samorządowcy dostali dodatkowy rok. Jak wykorzystają 5-letnią kadencję? - Prawo i finanse | date=14 September 2018 | access-date=21 January 2019 | archive-date=24 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924141601/https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/prawo-i-finanse/samorzadowcy-dostali-dodatkowy-rok-jak-wykorzystaja-5-letnia-kadencje,113514.html | url-status=live }}</ref>) [[Elections in Poland|Elections]] for the {{lang|pl|sejmik|italic=no }} fall at the same time as that of local authorities at {{lang|pl|[[powiat]]}} and {{lang|pl|[[gmina]]}} level. The {{lang|pl|sejmik|italic=no}} passes [[by-law]]s, including the voivodeship's development strategies and budget. It also elects the {{lang|pl|marszałek}} and other members of the executive, and holds them to account.

The ''[[Voivodeship executive board|executive]]'' ({{lang|pl|zarząd województwa}}), headed by the {{lang|pl|marszałek|italic=no}} drafts the budget and development strategies, implements the resolutions of the {{lang|pl|sejmik|italic=no}}, manages the voivodeship's property, and deals with many aspects of regional policy, including management of [[European Union]] funding. The marshal's offices are collectively known as the {{lang|pl|urząd marszałkowski}}.

=== List ===
{|width="100%" class="wikitable sortable"
|+style="text-align:center"| '''Polish voivodeships since 1999'''
|-
!rowspan=2 scope="col"| [[ISO 3166-2:PL|Abbr.]]
!rowspan=2  class="unsortable" scope="col"| Flag
!rowspan=2 scope="col"| Coat of arms
!rowspan=2 scope="col"| Ter. code
!rowspan=2  scope="col" | Voivodeship
!rowspan=2  scope="col" | Polish name
!rowspan=2  scope="col" | Capital city/cities
!colspan=2  scope="col" | Area<ref name="powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2022_roku_tablice">{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5468/7/18/1/powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2022_roku_tablice.xlsx |title=Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2021 roku |publisher=[[Statistics Poland|GUS]] |year=2021 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
!rowspan=2  scope="col" | Population <small>(2022)</small><ref name="powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2022_roku_tablice" />
!colspan=2  scope="col" | Density<ref name="powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2021_roku_tablice">{{cite web |url=https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5468/7/18/1/powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2021_roku_tablice.xlsx |title=Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2021 roku |publisher=[[Statistics Poland|GUS]] |year=2021 |access-date=29 September 2021 |archive-date=25 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325091206/https://stat.gov.pl/download/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5468/7/18/1/powierzchnia_i_ludnosc_w_przekroju_terytorialnym_w_2021_roku_tablice.xlsx |url-status=live }}</ref>
!rowspan=2 scope="col"| [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
|-
!{{nowrap|km<sup>2</sup>}}
!sq&nbsp;mi
!per {{nowrap|km<sup>2</sup>}}
!per sq&nbsp;mi
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| DS
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 02
| [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship|Lower Silesian]]
| ''dolnośląskie''
| [[Wrocław]]
| {{convert|19,947|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,903,000
| {{convert|145|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| D, V
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| KP
|align="center"| [[File:POL_województwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo kujawsko-pomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 04
| [[Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship|Kuyavian-Pomeranian]]
| ''kujawsko-pomorskie''
| [[Bydgoszcz]]{{sup|1}}, [[Toruń]]{{sup|2}}
| {{convert|17,971|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,056,000
| {{convert|115|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| C
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| LU
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo lubelskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo lubelskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 06
| [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]]
| ''lubelskie''
| [[Lublin]]
| {{convert|25,123|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,104,000
| {{convert|83|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| L
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| LB
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo lubuskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo lubuskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 08
| [[Lubusz Voivodeship|Lubusz]]
| ''lubuskie''
| [[Gorzów Wielkopolski]]{{sup|1}}, [[Zielona Góra]]{{sup|2}}
| {{convert|13,988|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 995,000
| {{convert|72|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| F
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| LD
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo łódzkie 1 flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo łódzkie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 10
| [[Łódź Voivodeship|Łódź]]
| ''łódzkie''
| [[Łódź]]
| {{convert|18,219|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,443,000
| {{convert|134|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| E
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| MA
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo małopolskie 1 flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo małopolskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 12
| [[Lesser Poland Voivodeship|Lesser Poland]]
| ''małopolskie''
| [[Kraków]]
| {{convert|15,183|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 3,399,000
| {{convert|225|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| K, J
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| MZ
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo mazowieckie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo mazowieckie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 14
| [[Masovian Voivodeship|Masovian]]
| ''mazowieckie''
| [[Warsaw]]
| {{convert|35,559|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 5,432,000
| {{convert|153|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| W, A
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| OP
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo opolskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo opolskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 16
| [[Opole Voivodeship|Opole]]
| ''opolskie''
| [[Opole]]
| {{convert|9,412|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 966,000
| {{convert|104|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| O
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| PK
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 18
| [[Podkarpackie Voivodeship|Subcarpathian]]
| ''podkarpackie''
| [[Rzeszów]]
| {{convert|17,846|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,098,000
| {{convert|119|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| R, Y
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| PD
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo podlaskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo podlaskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 20
| [[Podlaskie Voivodeship|Podlaskie]]
| ''podlaskie''
| [[Białystok]]
| {{convert|20,187|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 1,182,000
| {{convert|58|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| B
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| PM
|align="center"| [[File:POL_województwo_pomorskie_flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo pomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 22
| [[Pomeranian Voivodeship|Pomeranian]]
| ''pomorskie''
| [[Gdańsk]]
| {{convert|18,323|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 2,355,000
| {{convert|128|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| G, X
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| SL
|align="center"| [[File:POL_województwo_śląskie_flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 24
| [[Silesian Voivodeship|Silesian]]
| ''śląskie''
| [[Katowice]]
| {{convert|12,333|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 4,501,000
| {{convert|364|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| S, I
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| SK
|align="center"| [[File:POL_województwo_świętokrzyskie_flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL wojewodztwo świętokrzyskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 26
| [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship|Holy Cross]]
| ''świętokrzyskie''
| [[Kielce]]
| {{convert|11,710|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 1,216,000
| {{convert|105|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| T
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| WN
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo warmińsko-mazurskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo warminsko-mazurskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 28
| [[Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|Warmian-Masurian]]
| ''warmińsko-mazurskie''
| [[Olsztyn]]
| {{convert|24,173|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 1,423,000
| {{convert|59|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| N
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| WP
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo wielkopolskie flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo wielkopolskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 30
| [[Greater Poland Voivodeship|Greater Poland]]
| ''wielkopolskie''
| [[Poznań]]
| {{convert|29,826|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 3,486,000
| {{convert|117|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| P, M
|-
!scope="row" align="center"| ZP
|align="center"| [[File:POL_województwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg|border|50x59px]]
|align="center"| [[File:POL województwo zachodniopomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]]
|align="center"| 32
| [[West Pomeranian Voivodeship|West Pomeranian]]
| ''zachodniopomorskie''
| [[Szczecin]]
| {{convert|22,905|km2|sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
| align="right" | 1,694,000
| {{convert|74|/km2|/sqmi|disp=table|sortable=on}}
|align="center"| Z
|-class="sortbottom"
|align="center" colspan="12"| <small>'''{{sup|1}}''' Seat of voivode. '''{{sup|2}}''' Seat of [[Voivodeship sejmik|sejmik]] and [[Voivodeship marshal|marshal]].</small>
|}

=== Economies ===
{{main|List of Polish voivodeships by GRP}}

According to 2017 Eurostat data, the GDP per capita of Polish voivodeships varies notably and there is a large gap between the richest per capita voivodeship (being the Masovian Voivodeship at 33,500 EUR) and the poorest per capita (being the Lublin Voivodeship at 14,400 EUR).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/mapToolClosed.do?tab=map&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tgs00005&toolbox=types|title=Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) map|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=2017-02-16|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217142855/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/mapToolClosed.do?tab=map&init=1&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tgs00005&toolbox=types|url-status=live}}</ref>