Editing Vibrio cholerae (section)

=== Initial observations ===
During the [[1846–1860 cholera pandemic|third global pandemic of cholera (1846–1860)]], there was extensive scientific research to understand the etiology of the disease.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tognotti|first=Eugenia|date=2011|title=The dawn of medical microbiology: germ hunters and the discovery of the cause of cholera|journal=Journal of Medical Microbiology|volume=60|issue=Pt 4|pages=555–558|doi=10.1099/jmm.0.025700-0|pmid=21212146|doi-access=free}}</ref> The [[miasma theory]], which posited that infections spread through contaminated air, was no longer a satisfactory explanation. The English physician [[John Snow]] was the first to give convincing evidence in London in 1854 that cholera was spread from drinking water – a contagion, not miasma. Yet he could not identify the pathogens, which made most people still believe in the miasma origin.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Lippi|first1=D.|last2=Gotuzzo|first2=E.|date=2014|title=The greatest steps towards the discovery of Vibrio cholerae|journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection|volume=20|issue=3|pages=191–195|doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12390|pmid=24191858|doi-access=free}}</ref>

''V. cholerae'' was first observed and recognized under microscope by the French zoologist [[Félix-Archimède Pouchet]]. In 1849, Pouchet examined the stool samples of four people having cholera.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Hugh|first=Rudolph|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP7AY38J1hcC|title=Public Health Service Publication|date=1965|publisher=U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Environmental Health Service, National Air Pollution Control Administration|pages=1–4|language=en|chapter=Nomenclature and taxonomy of Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854 and Vibrio eltor Pribam 1933|access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2023-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702065612/https://books.google.com/books?id=NP7AY38J1hcC|url-status=live}}</ref> His presentation before the [[French Academy of Sciences]] on 23 April was recorded as: "[Pouchet] could verify that there existed in these [cholera patients] dejecta an immense quantity of microscopic [[infusoria]]."  As summarised in the Gazette medicale de Paris (1849, p 327), in a letter read at the 23 April 1849 meeting of the [[Paris Academy of Sciences]], Pouchet announced that the organisms were ''[[infusoria]]'', a name then used for microscopic [[protists]], naming them as the '''Vibrio rugula'' of Mueller and Shrank', a species of [[protozoa]] described by Danish naturalist [[Otto Friedrich Müller]] in 1786.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pollitzer|first=R.|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHNrAAAAMAAJ&q=bacillus+cholerae+trevisan+1884&pg=PA380|title=Proceedings of the Cholera Research Symposium, January 24-29, 1965, Honolulu, Hawaii|date=1965|publisher=U.S. Public Health Service|pages=380–387|language=en|chapter=Cholera advances in historical perspective|access-date=2021-04-20|archive-date=2023-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702065612/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHNrAAAAMAAJ&q=bacillus+cholerae+trevisan+1884&pg=PA380|url-status=live}}</ref>