Editing Veterinary medicine (section)

===Premodern era===
Archeological evidence, in the form of a cow skull upon which [[trepanation]] had been performed, shows that people were performing veterinary procedures in the [[Neolithic]] (3400–3000 BCE).<ref>{{cite journal |title = Earliest Animal Cranial Surgery: from Cow to Man in the Neolithic|last1 = Ramirez Rozzi|first1 = Fernando|last2 = Froment|first2=Alain|journal = Scientific Reports|volume = 8|issue = 1|pages = 5536|date = 19 April 2018|doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-23914-1|pmid = 29674628|pmc = 5908843|bibcode = 2018NatSR...8.5536R}}</ref> 
[[File:PKahun LV2.jpg|thumb|300px|Fragments of the ''Kahun Papyrus'' on [[veterinary]] medicine, early second millennium BCE]]
The [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] ''Papyrus of Kahun'' ([[Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt]]) is the first extant record of veterinary medicine.{{Sfn|Thrusfield|2007|p=2}}

The ''[[Shalihotra Samhita]]'', dating from the time of [[Ashoka]], is an early Indian veterinary treatise. The [[edicts of Asoka]] read: "Everywhere King Piyadasi ([[Asoka]]) made two kinds of medicine (चिकित्सा) available, medicine for people, and medicine for animals. Where no [[Herbal medicine|healing herbs]] for people and animals were available, he ordered that they be bought and planted."{{Sfn|Finger|2001|p=12}}<!-- better translation -->
[[File:HippiatricaParisGr2244Fo74v.jpg|thumb|upright|Manuscript page of ''[[Hippiatrica]]'' (14th century)]]
''[[Hippiatrica]]'' is a Byzantine compilation of hippiatrics, dated to the fifth or sixth century AD.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Scarborough|first1=John|title=Hippiatrica|date=2005-01-01|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001/acref-9780195046526-e-2310|work=The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195046526.001.0001|isbn=9780195046526|access-date=2019-09-27|last2=Cutler|first2=Anthony}}</ref>

The first attempts to organize and regulate the practice of treating animals tended to focus on horses because of their economic significance. In the [[Middle Ages]], farriers combined their work in [[horseshoe]]ing with the more general task of "horse doctoring".
The Arabic tradition of ''[[Furusiyya|Bayṭara]]'', or ''Shiyāt al-Khayl'', originates with the treatise of Ibn Akhī Hizām (fl. late ninth century).

In 1356, the [[Lord Mayor of London]], [[Henry Picard (Lord Mayor)|Sir Henry Picard]], concerned at the poor standard of care given to horses in the city, requested that all farriers operating within a 7-mile (11-km) radius of the [[City of London]] form a "fellowship" to regulate and improve their practices. This ultimately led to the establishment of the [[Worshipful Company of Farriers]] in 1674.<ref>Hunter, Pamela (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=TLyFllgGgu0C&pg=PA4 ''Veterinary Medicine: A Guide to Historical Sources''], p. 1. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.</ref>

Meanwhile, [[Carlo Ruini]]'s book {{Lang|it|Anatomia del Cavallo}} (''Anatomy of the Horse'') was published in 1598. It was the first comprehensive treatise on the anatomy of a nonhuman species.<ref>Wernham, R. B. (1968). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-48AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA472 ''The New Cambridge Modern History: The Counter-Reformation and price revolution, 1559–1610'', Volume 3], p. 472. Cambridge University Press.</ref>
[[File:Eye_operation_on_a_horse.jpg|thumb|Page from an 18th-century manuscript of ''[[Shalihotra|Shalihotra Samhita]]'', showing an eye operation on a horse]]