Editing Urinary incontinence (section)

=== Women ===
[[File:1116 Muscle of the Female Perineum.png|alt=Pelvic floor muscles in women|thumb|upright=1.5|Pelvic floor muscles in women]]
The most common types of urinary incontinence in women are [[Stress incontinence|stress urinary incontinence]] and [[Overactive bladder|urge urinary incontinence]]. Women that have symptoms of both types are said to have "mixed" urinary incontinence. After [[menopause]], [[estrogen]] production decreases and, in some women, [[urethra]]l tissue will demonstrate [[atrophy]], becoming weaker and thinner, possibly playing a role in the development of urinary incontinence.<ref name="womengov" />

[[Stress incontinence|Stress urinary incontinence]] in women is most commonly caused by loss of support of the [[urethra]], which is usually a consequence of damage to [[Pelvic floor|pelvic support structures]] as a result of [[pregnancy]], childbirth, [[obesity]], age, among others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urinary incontinence - Causes|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-incontinence/causes/|date=2017-10-23|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08}}</ref> About 33% of all women experience urinary incontinence after giving birth, and women who deliver vaginally are about twice as likely to have urinary incontinence as women who give birth via a [[Caesarean section]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Thom DH, Rortveit G | title = Prevalence of postpartum urinary incontinence: a systematic review | journal = Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica | volume = 89 | issue = 12 | pages = 1511–1522 | date = December 2010 | pmid = 21050146 | doi = 10.3109/00016349.2010.526188 | s2cid = 18385231 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Stress incontinence is characterized by leaking of small amounts of urine with activities that increase abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, laughing and lifting. This happens when the urethral sphincter cannot close completely due to the damage in the sphincter itself, or the surrounding tissue.  Additionally, frequent exercise in high-impact activities can cause [[athletic incontinence]] to develop. Urge urinary incontinence, is caused by uninhibited contractions of the [[detrusor muscle]], a condition known as [[Overactive bladder|overactive bladder syndrome]]. This type of urinary incontinence is more commonly seen in women of older age.<ref name="auto">{{Cite report |url=https://www.pcori.org/sites/default/files/PCORI-AHRQ-Nonsurgical-Treatments-Urinary-Incontinence-Women-Systematic-Review-Update-Report-August-2018.pdf |title=Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update |last1=Balk |first1=Ethan |last2=Adam |first2=Gaelen P. |date=2018-08-08 |publisher=Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) |issue=Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 212 |doi=10.23970/ahrqepccer212 |location=Rockville, MD |last3=Kimmel |first3=Hannah |last4=Rofeberg |first4=Valerie |last5=Saeed |first5=Iman |last6=Jeppson |first6=Peter |last7=Trikalinos |first7=Thomas}}

Also available at: https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-212-urinary-incontinence-updated.pdf</ref> It is characterized by leaking of large amounts of urine in association with insufficient warning to get to the bathroom in time.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}