Editing Upland, California (section)

===Early history===
Upland is located at the foot of the San Gabriel Mountains on an east–west trail that was used by the Native Americans and Spanish missionaries, part of what is now known as the [[Old Spanish Trail (trade route)|Old Spanish Trail]].<ref name="Nathan Masters">{{cite web |url=http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/old-spanish-trail-linked-southern-california-with-new-mexico-33894.html |author= Nathan Masters|date=May 26, 2011|publisher=KCET |title=New Mexico to Southern California: The Old Spanish Trail, Explained |access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref>  To the west, the trail led to the [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel|San Gabriel Mission]], which Spanish Missionaries built in 1771.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria| year=1902 |page=34 |ol=6922923M}}</ref>

In 1774, Spanish explorer [[Juan Bautista de Anza]] established an overland route from Arizona to California, with part of the [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail|trail]] passing through present day Upland on the way to the San Gabriel Mission.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/juba/planyourvisit/upload/JUBA-English.pdf |publisher=National Park Service |title=Discovering the Anza Trail |access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> Anza's route went through [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]], the [[San Gorgonio Pass]] and through the San Bernardino Valley.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria| year=1902 |page=37 |ol=6922923M}}</ref> In 1775, Anza led a second expedition consisting of more than 240 people on a journey of over two thousand miles to the [[San Francisco Bay]]. En route, the expedition reached the San Gabriel Mission on January 4, 1776. The expedition reached the San Francisco Bay on June 27, 1776, where Anza founded the present-day city of [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/american_latino_heritage/Juan_Bautista_de_Anza_National_Historic_Trail.html |publisher=National Park Service |title=Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail, Arizona and California |access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> Five years later, in 1781, Spanish settlers followed Anza's route to found the city of [[Los Angeles]] a few miles west of the San Gabriel Mission.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sullivan|first=Noelle|title=It Happened in Southern California: Remarkable Events That Shaped History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwRrshiH0oUC&pg=PA7|access-date=September 29, 2011|edition=2nd |date=December 8, 2009|publisher=Globe Pequot|isbn=978-0-7627-5423-6|pages=7–9}}</ref>

Following the Anza expedition, the San Gabriel Mission became an important stopping place for expeditions traveling between Arizona and California. The mission was the first place where supplies could be procured after crossing the desert, and as travel over this road increased, the mission arranged to establish a supply station at some intermediate point east. In 1810, a party of missionaries, soldiers, and Native Americans from San Gabriel mission, under the leadership of Padre Dumetz, were sent out to select a location. On May 20, 1810, they came into the San Bernardino Valley. This, according to the Roman Catholic Calendar of Saints, was the feast day of Saint [[Bernardino of Siena]], and they named the valley in his honor. The expedition named the area around Upland "Cucamonga," which in the [[Tongva people|Tongvan]] language meant "sand place."<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria| year=1902 |pages=38–39 |ol=6922923M}}</ref>

[[Jedediah Smith]] of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was the first American to enter California overland. He started from the Yellowstone River, in August 1826, with a party of fifteen men. Their course was down the Colorado River to the Mojave, where they found two Native Americans, who guided them across the desert to San Gabriel Mission.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria| year=1902 |page=100 |ol=6922923M}}</ref> Smith pioneered the route over the [[Cajon Pass]], where he then joined the foothill route established by Anza, arriving at San Gabriel on November 27.<ref name="Nathan Masters"/> California was part of Mexico at the time, so Smith was briefly arrested by the Mexican governor before being released.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ca/pdf/pdfs/needles_pdfs/brochures.Par.16681.File.dat/ |publisher=Bureau of Land Management Needles Field Office |title=California Explorers: Jedediah Smith |access-date=March 30, 2013 |archive-date=April 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130409224246/http://www.blm.gov/pgdata/etc/medialib/blm/ca/pdf/pdfs/needles_pdfs/brochures.Par.16681.File.dat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1829, Mexican explorer [[Antonio Armijo]] led the first successful caravan from [[Santa Fe, New Mexico|Santa Fe]] to Southern California, joining up with Smith's route to open what would later be called the Old Spanish Trail. The route resulted in immediate commerce between Santa Fe and Los Angeles. Pack trains made annual treks between New Mexico and California, bringing woven Mexican products to California, which lacked sheep, and bartering them for horses and mules, scarce in New Mexico. The trail carried mule-trains over the Cajon Pass, then west through Rancho Cucamonga, Upland, and El Monte, to the region's major settlements at Mission San Gabriel and Los Angeles.<ref name="Nathan Masters"/>

From the time of the Anza expedition until the [[Ranchos of California|Mexican Rancho Period]], the land around Upland was used as grazing land by the San Gabriel Mission. Under mission rule, cattle ranching became a major industry. The rangy cattle thrived and bred rapidly in the benign climate, and thousands of cattle wandered across the Cucamonga Rancho.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historic Context for The City of Ontario's Citrus Industry |year=2007 |page=2 |url=http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |publisher=City of Ontario |access-date=March 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203304/http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Following the secularization of the missions by the Mexican government, the [[Rancho Cucamonga|Cucamonga Rancho]] was granted to [[Rancho Topanga Malibu Sequit#Tapia family|Tiburcio Tapia]] in 1839.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria |year=1902 |page=82 |ol=6922923M }}</ref> Upon the death of Tapia in 1845, the Rancho passed to his daughter and her husband, Leon V. Prudhomme.<ref>{{cite book |title=History of San Bernardino Valley from the padres to the pioneers, 1810-1851 |author=Rev. Father Juan Caballeria |year=1902 |page=98|ol=6922923M }}</ref> An 1886 report by the California Surveyor General listed the size of the Cucamonga Rancho as {{Convert|13,045|acre|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=Report of the Surveyor-General of the State of California From August 1, 1884, to August 1, 1886 |author=H. I. Willey |year=1886 |page=14 |url=http://www.slc.ca.gov/Misc_Pages/Historical/Surveyors_General/reports/Willey_1884_1886.pdf |access-date=October 14, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320000647/http://www.slc.ca.gov/Misc_Pages/Historical/Surveyors_General/reports/Willey_1884_1886.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2013 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>