Editing Uno (card game) (section)

==Official rules==
[[File:Uno.jpg|thumb|left|Uno cards]]

The aim of the game is to be the first player to score 500 points, achieved (usually over several rounds of play) by being the first to play all of one's own cards and scoring points for the cards still held by the other players.

Uno includes 108 cards: 25 in each of four color suits (red, yellow, green, blue), each suit consisting of one zero, two each of 1 through 9, and two each of the action cards "Skip", "Draw Two", and "Reverse". The deck also contains four "Wild" cards and four "Wild Draw Four".<ref name="UNO"/> Sets manufactured since 2018 include 112 cards, adding one "Wild Shuffle Hands" and three customizable Wild cards.<ref name="mattelinst"/>

[[File:UNO cards deck.svg|thumb|Uno cards deck]]
For each hand, a dealer is determined by having each player randomly draw one card from the deck. The player with the highest number card deals, and all cards are reshuffled into the deck to begin the dealing.

To start a hand, seven cards are dealt to each player, and the top card of the remaining deck is flipped over and set aside to begin the discard pile. The player to the dealer's left plays first unless the first card on the discard pile is an action or Wild card (see below). On a player's turn, they must do one of the following:
* play one card matching the discard in color, number, or symbol
* play a Wild card, or a Wild Draw Four card if allowed to (see restrictions below)
* draw the top card from the deck, and optionally play it if possible

Cards are played by laying them face-up on top of the discard pile. Play initially proceeds clockwise around the table.

Action or Wild cards have the following effects:

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
! style=width:100px | Card
! style=width:400px | Effect when played from hand
! style=width:400px | Effect as first discard
|-
| Skip
| Next player in sequence misses a turn
| Player to dealer's left misses a turn
|-
| Reverse
| Order of play switches directions (clockwise to counterclockwise, or vice versa)
| Dealer plays first; play proceeds counterclockwise
|-
| Draw Two (+2)
| Next player in sequence draws two cards and misses a turn
| Player to dealer's left draws two cards and misses a turn
|-
| Wild
| Player declares the next color to be matched (may be used on any turn even if the player has any card of matching color)
| Player to dealer's left declares the first color to be matched and takes the first turn
|-
| Wild Draw Four
| Player declares the next color to be matched; next player in sequence draws four cards and misses a turn. May be legally played if the player has no cards of the current color (see [[#Penalties|Penalties]])
| Card is returned to the deck, then a new card is laid down into the discard pile (deck may be reshuffled first if needed)
|}

* A player who draws a card from the deck must choose whether to play that card immediately or keep it. No cards already in their hand may be played on that turn.
* A Wild card may be played on any turn, even if the player holding it has cards that will match the current color, number, and/or symbol.
* A Wild Draw Four card may only be played if the player holding it has no cards matching the current color. The player may have cards of a different color matching the current number/symbol or a Wild card and still play the Wild Draw Four card.<ref name="UNO">{{cite web|date=December 17, 2008|title=UNO Basic Instructions|url=http://service.mattel.com/instruction_sheets/UNO%20Basic%20IS.pdf|website=[[Mattel|Mattel Service]]|access-date=January 1, 2011}}</ref> A player who plays a Wild Draw Four may be challenged by the next player in sequence (see [[#Penalties|Penalties]]) to prove that their hand meets this condition. An illegally played Wild Draw Four card incurs no penalty for its user unless challenged.
* A player using a Wild or Wild Draw Four card must declare the new matching color before ending their turn, and may declare the current color if desired.
* If the draw deck runs out during play, the top discard is set aside and the rest of the pile is shuffled to create a new deck. Play then proceeds normally.
* It is illegal to trade cards of any sort with any other player at any time.

A player who plays their penultimate card must call "Uno" as a warning to the other players.<ref>Exact wording of the official rules: "When you play your next-to-last card, you must yell 'UNO' (meaning 'one') to indicate that you have only one card left".</ref>

The first player to get rid of their last card ("going out") wins the hand and scores points for the cards held by each other player. Number cards count their face value, all action cards count 20, and Wild and Wild Draw Four cards count 50. If a Draw Two or Wild Draw Four card is played to go out, the next player in the sequence must draw the appropriate number of cards before the score is tallied.

The first player to score 500 points wins the game.

===Penalties===
* If a player does not call "Uno" while laying down their penultimate card and is caught before the next player in sequence takes their turn (i.e., plays a card from their hand, draws from the deck, or touches the discard pile), they must draw two cards as a penalty. If the player is not caught in time or remembers to call "Uno" before being caught, no penalty applies to that player.<ref name=UNO />
* If a player plays a Wild Draw Four card, the next player in turn order may choose to challenge its use. The player who used the Wild Draw Four must privately show their hand to the challenging player in order to demonstrate that they had no cards of prior matching color. If the challenge is successful, the challenged player must draw four cards instead and play continues with the challenger. Otherwise, the challenger must draw six cards – the four cards they were already required to draw plus two more cards – and miss their turn.<ref name="UNO" /> In either case, the Wild Draw Four stays with its chosen color.

===Two-player game===
In a two-player game, the Reverse card acts like a Skip card; when played, the other player misses a turn.<ref> {{cite web|date=July 21, 2009|title=Uno Instruction Sheet|url=https://service.mattel.com/instruction_sheets/42001pr.pdf|website=[[mattel|Mattel Service]]|access-date=January 2, 2011}} </ref> This rule is not mentioned in the instruction sheets of modern copies of the game.<ref name=":1" />

===House rules===
The following house rules are suggested in some official Uno instruction sets to alter the game:
* '''Progressive or Stacking Uno''': If a draw card is played, and the next player in turn order has a card with the same symbol, that player can play that card and "stack" the penalty, which adds to the current penalty and passes it to the next player<ref name=UNO /> (although a +4 cannot be stacked on a +2, or vice versa).<ref name="dex"/> This house rule is so commonly used that there was widespread Twitter surprise in 2019 when Mattel stated that stacking was not part of the standard rules of Uno.<ref name="dex">{{cite news |last1=Hourigan |first1=Adam |title=The Uno rule you're all getting wrong |url=https://www.dailyexaminer.com.au/news/the-uno-rule-youre-all-getting-wrong/3728432/ |access-date=September 25, 2019 |work=Daily Examiner |language=en}}</ref>
* '''Seven-O''': Every time a "7" is played, whoever played it must swap hands with another player of their choice before ending their turn. Every time a "0" is played, all players pass their hands to the next player in the current direction of play, after which play continues normally.<ref name=UNO />
* '''Jump-In''': If a player has exactly the same card (both number and color) as the top card of the discard pile, they may play it immediately, even if it is not their turn. Play then continues as if that player had just taken their turn.<ref name=UNO />

===2018 rule changes===
The two new types of Wild cards have the following functions:

* '''Wild Shuffle Hands''': The player using this card collects all cards held by all players, then shuffles and re-deals them, starting from the player to their left.
* '''Wild Customizable''': There are three copies of this; these cards are blank and can have a house rule assigned to them.

Each of these cards can be played on any turn and is worth 40 points when a player goes out.<ref name="mattelinst" />

===2022 rule changes===
The goal to reach a certain number of points has been demoted and replaced with the one commonly used by most players, which is to be the first player to go out. If played for points, each Wild card is worth 50 points regardless of type. There is no longer an official method to determine the dealer. In addition, if the first card flipped at the start of a game is an Action or Wild card, it is ignored and another card is flipped until a number card comes up.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |title=UNO Basic Instructions (2022) |url=https://service.mattel.com/instruction_sheets/HJH90-Eng.pdf |access-date=February 21, 2024 |website=[[mattel|Mattel Service]]}}</ref>