Editing University of St Andrews (section)

===Foundation===
[[File:College Hall St Andrews B.JPG|thumb|College Hall, within the 16th-century St Mary's College building]]
In 1410, a group of [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] clergy, driven from the [[University of Paris]] by the [[Western Schism|Avignon schism]] and from the universities of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] by the [[Anglo-Scottish Wars]], formed a society of higher learning in St Andrews, offering courses of lectures in divinity, logic, philosophy, and law. A [[charter]] of privilege was bestowed upon the society of masters and scholars by the [[Archbishop of St Andrews|Bishop of St Andrews]], [[Henry Wardlaw]],<ref name="Wardlaw, Henry, d.1440, Bishop of St Andrews">{{Cite DNB|last=Sprott |first=George Washington |wstitle=Wardlaw, Henry|volume=59|pages=352-353}}</ref> on 28 February 1411–12.<ref name="Mediaeval university">{{Cite web|title=Mediaeval university|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|access-date=24 July 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722053757/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/court-office/documents/medieval_university.pdf|archive-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> Wardlaw then successfully petitioned the [[Antipope Benedict XIII|Avignon Pope Benedict XIII]] to grant the school university status by issuing a series of [[papal bull]]s, which followed on 28 August 1413.<ref name="Scotland1837">{{Cite book|author=Great Britain. Commission for Visiting the Universities and Colleges of Scotland|title=University of St. Andrews|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwPAQAAMAAJ&pg=Pag173|year=1837|publisher=W. Clowes and Sons|pages=173–}}</ref> King [[James I of Scotland]] confirmed the [[charter]] of the university in 1432. Subsequent kings supported the university, with King [[James V of Scotland]] "confirming privileges of the university" in 1532.<ref name="St Andrews history of the university">{{Cite web|title=A brief history of the University|publisher=University of St Andrews|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/history/brief/|access-date=9 January 2016|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172128/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/history/brief/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Lyon|first1=C.J.|title=History of St. Andrews, episcopal, monastic, academic, and civil&nbsp;..., Volume 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oe49AAAAcAAJ&q=james+V++st+andrews+university+1532&pg=PA234|publisher=Tait |year = 1843| pages =230–34|access-date=9 January 2016|quote=King James I of Scotland confirmed the charter of the university in 1432...There are four ...confirmations by James V; in the year 1532...}}</ref>

A college of theology and arts, called [[St John's College, St Andrews|St John's College]], was founded in 1418<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gashe.ac.uk/isaar/P0243.html |title=Lindores, Lawrence of, ? 1372–1437, Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland |publisher=Gashe.ac.uk |date=15 August 2002 |access-date=17 April 2011}}{{Dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> by Robert of Montrose and Lawrence of Lindores. [[St Salvator's College, St Andrews|St Salvator's College]] was established in 1450 by Bishop [[James Kennedy (bishop)|James Kennedy]].<ref name="Kennedy, James, ? 1406–1465, Bishop of St Andrews">{{Cite DNB|last=Millar |first=Alexander Hastie |wstitle=Kennedy, James (1406?-1465)|volume=30|pages=421-422}}</ref> [[St Leonard's College, St Andrews|St Leonard's College]] was founded in 1511 by Archbishop [[Alexander Stewart (archbishop of St Andrews)|Alexander Stewart]], who intended it to have a far more monastic character than either of the other colleges. St John's College was refounded by Cardinal [[James Beaton]] under the name [[St Mary's College, St Andrews|St Mary's College]] in 1538 for the study of divinity and law. It was intended to encourage traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to the emerging [[Scottish Reformation]], but once Scotland had formally split with the [[Pope|Papacy]] in 1560, it became a teaching institution for Protestant clergy.<ref name="Beaton, James, d 1539, Archbishop of St Andrews">{{Cite DNB|last=MacArthur |first=Margaret |wstitle=Beaton, James (d.1539)|volume=4|pages=18-19}}</ref> At its foundation in 1538 St Mary's was intended to be a college for instruction in divinity, law, and medicine, as well as in Arts, but its career on this extensive scale was short-lived. Under a new foundation and erection, confirmed by Parliament in 1579, it was set apart for the study of Theology, and it has remained a Divinity College ever since.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=Hew |title=Fasti ecclesiae scoticanae; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |date=1928 |publisher=Oliver and Boyd |location=Edinburgh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot/page/417 417]–418 |volume=7 |url=https://archive.org/details/fastiecclesiaesc07scot |access-date=8 July 2019}}{{PD-notice}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Holloway|first1=Ernest, R. |date=2011|title=Andrew Melville and Humanism in Renaissance Scotland 1545–1622|url=https://archive.org/details/AndrewMelvilleAndHumanismInRenaissanceScotland15451622/page/n5|pages=1–388|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden, Boston}}</ref>

Some university buildings that date from this period are still in use today, such as [[St Salvator's Chapel]], St Leonard's College Chapel and St Mary's College quadrangle. At this time, the majority of the teaching was of a religious nature and was conducted by clerics associated with [[St Andrews Cathedral]].