Editing University of Paris (section)

===Origins===
In 1150, the future University of Paris was a student–teacher corporation operating as an annex of the [[cathedral school]] [[:fr:École_cathédrale_de_Paris|of Paris]]. The earliest historical reference to it is found in [[Matthew Paris]]'s reference to the studies of his own teacher (an abbot of [[St Albans Cathedral|St Albans]]) and his acceptance into "the fellowship of the elect Masters" there in about 1170,<ref name="bartleby.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartleby.com/211/1001.html|title=§1. The University of Paris. X. English Scholars of Paris and Franciscans of Oxford. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes. 1907–1921|website=bartleby.com|access-date=Mar 23, 2020}}</ref> and it is known that Lotario dei Conti di Segni, the future [[Pope Innocent III]], completed his studies there in 1182 at the age of 21.  Its first college was the [[Collège des Dix-Huit]], established in 1180 by an Englishman named Josse and endowed for 18 poor scholars. [[File:Sorbona 2005a.jpg|thumb|La Sorbonne]]

The corporation was formally recognised as an "''[[wikt:universitas#Noun 2|Universitas]]''" in an edict by King [[Philippe-Auguste]] in 1200: in it, among other accommodations granted to future students, he allowed the corporation to operate under ecclesiastic law which would be governed by the elders of the [[Notre-Dame school|Notre-Dame Cathedral school]], and assured all those completing courses there that they would be granted a diploma.<ref name="sorbonne_ref">{{cite web | url=https://www.sorbonne.fr/en/the-sorbonne/history-of-the-sorbonne/la-fondation-de-la-sorbonne-au-moyen-age-par-le-theologien-robert-de-sorbon/ | title=Sorbonne University – the University of Paris | access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>

The university had four [[Faculty (division)|faculties]]: [[Liberal arts education|Arts]], Medicine, Law, and Theology. The Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank, but also the largest, as students had to graduate there in order to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four ''[[nation (university)|nationes]]'' according to language or regional origin: France, Normandy, Picardy, and England. The last came to be known as the ''Alemannian'' (German) nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply: the English–German nation included students from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.

The faculty and nation system of the University of Paris (along with that of the [[University of Bologna]]) became the model for all later medieval universities. Under the governance of the Church, students wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in [[tonsure]], to signify they were under the protection of the church. Students followed the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the king's laws or courts. This presented problems for the city of Paris, as students ran wild, and its official had to appeal to Church courts for justice. Students were often very young, entering the school at 13 or 14 years of age and staying for six to 12 years.
{| class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;"
|'''School'''
|'''Founded'''
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Collège des Dix-Huit|College of the Eighteen]]
|1180
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[College of Sorbonne]]
|1257
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[College of Navarre]]
|1305
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Faculty of Law of Paris|Law]]
|1150
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[University of Paris Faculty of Medicine|Medicine]]
|1200
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Faculté des lettres de Paris|Arts]]
|1213
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Catholic University of Paris|Divinity]]
|1221
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[École normale supérieure (Paris)|Education]]
|1794
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Sciences
|1808
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Pharmacy
|1864
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[Sciences Po|Government]]
|1872
|- style="text-align:center;"
|[[IAE Paris|Business]]
|1956
|}