Editing University of New Brunswick (section)

===Founding and charters===
In 1783, [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] settlers began to build upon the ruins of a former [[Acadian]] village called Ste-Anne-des-Pays-Bas. The new settlement was named Frederick's Town in honour of [[Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany|Prince Frederick]], son of [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] and uncle of [[Queen Victoria]].<ref name="Fredericton">[http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/literary-tour/027020-2020-e.html "Fredericton"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601061038/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/literary-tour/027020-2020-e.html |date=June 1, 2013 }}. ''Collections Canada''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref>

Initially modelled on the [[Anglican]] ideals of older, European institutions, the University of New Brunswick was founded in 1785 as the Academy of Liberal Arts and Sciences,<ref name="CanEncyc">{{Cite encyclopedia| last = Kernaghan| first = Lois| title = University of New Brunswick| encyclopedia = The Canadian Encyclopedia| access-date = October 5, 2014| date = December 16, 2013| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-of-new-brunswick/| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150911115746/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university-of-new-brunswick/| archive-date = September 11, 2015}}</ref> following a petition to the Governor-in-Council on December 13, 1785.<ref name="UNBHistory1966">{{cite news |title=UNB Traces Start To The Loyalists |url=https://da.tj.news/viewer?opub=Evening_Times_Globe&date=19660621&page=47&filename=EveningTimesGlobe_19660621_ETG_19660621_0047 |access-date=18 September 2023 |work=Evening Times Globe |date=June 21, 1966 |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923170736/https://da.tj.news/login |url-status=live }}</ref> The petition requesting the establishment of the school, titled "The Founders' Petition of 1785," was addressed to Governor [[Thomas Carleton]] and was signed by seven Loyalist men: [[William Paine (physician)|William Paine]], [[William Wanton]], George Sproule, [[Zephaniah Kingsley Sr.|Zephaniah Kingsley, Sr.]], [[John Coffin (judge)|John Coffin]], [[Ward Chipman]], and Adino Paddock.<ref name="The Founders' Petition of 1785">[http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/petition.html "The Founders' Petition of 1785"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629140014/http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/petition.html |date=June 29, 2012 }}. ''UNB Libraries''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref>
{{blockquote|style=text-align:justify; | To his Excellency Thomas Carleton Esquire Governor Captain General, and Commander in Chief, of the Province of New Brunswick, and the territories thereunto belonging, Vice Admiral Chancellor &c &c &c: —
Your memorialists whose names are hereunto subscribed, beg leave to represent, and state to your consideration the Necessity and expediency of an early attention to the Establishment in this Infant Province of an Academy, or School of liberal Arts and Sciences.

Your Excellency need not be reminded of the many Peculiarities attending the Settlement of this Country The Settlement of other Provinces has generally originated in the voluntary Exertions of a few enterprising Individuals, unincumbered, and prosecuting their Labor at their Leisure, and as they found it convenient, and most for their Advantage – Far different is the Situation in which the loyal Adventurers here find themselves – Many of them upon removing had Sons, whose Time of life, and former Hopes, call for an immediate attention to their Education – Many publick advantages, and many Conveniences would result to Individuals could this be affected within this Province, the Particulars of which it is unnecessary to ennumerate – Your Memorialists do therefore most earnestly request your Excellency will be pleased to grant a Charter for the establishing, and founding such an Academy . . .<ref name="The Founders' Petition of 1785"/>}}

[[File:Jonathan Odell, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, NB.png|right|thumb|160px|N.B. Secretary [[Jonathan Odell]] (1737–1818)]]
In response to the request, Carleton requested a drawn "draft charter" modelled on King's College and 6,000 acres of reserved land in Fredericton Parish for the proposed institution.<ref name="UNBHistory1966"/> By an 1800 provincial charter, signed by [[Provincial Secretary]] [[Jonathan Odell]], the Academy of Liberal Arts and Sciences was transformed into the College of New Brunswick.<ref name="Historical Sketch of UNB">[https://www.unb.ca/aboutunb/history/historicalsketch.html "Historical Sketch of UNB"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414183443/http://www.unb.ca/aboutunb/history/historicalsketch.html |date=April 14, 2015 }}. ''About UNB''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref> The college was succeeded by King's College, which was granted by royal charter in December 1827. King's College operated under the control of the [[Church of England]] until 1859, when it was made non-sectarian by an act of the provincial legislature that transformed the college into the University of New Brunswick.<ref name="UNB's Heraldic Tapestries">[http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/tapestries.html "UNB's Heraldic Tapestries"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106095155/http://www.lib.unb.ca/225/tapestries.html |date=January 6, 2011 }}. ''UNB Libraries''. Retrieved March 3, 2012.</ref> In 1866, Mary Kingsley Tibbits became the first regularly admitted female student of UNB. By 1867, the University of New Brunswick had two faculties: Arts and Applied Science. It awarded the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, and [[Doctor of Science]]. The latter was awarded only in the fields of civil engineering, [[electrical engineering]], and [[forestry]].

UNB was one of only two schools in Canada in the late 1800s that offered a Forestry Engineering degree (the other being the University of Toronto). So when the federal government began creating Dominion Forests on federal land in Western Canada between 1899 and 1906, most of the first Forest Rangers were from UNB.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Valley Echoes: Life Along the Red Deer River Basin|last=Hudson Bay & District Cultural Society|publisher=Inter-Collegiate Press|year=1982|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba}}</ref>