Editing Tyrannosaurus (section)

===Earliest finds===
[[File:AMNH 3982 Manospondylus.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|[[Type (biology)|Type specimen]] (AMNH 3982) of ''Manospondylus gigas'']]
A tooth from what is now documented as a ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' was found in July 1874 upon [[South Table Mountain (Colorado)]] by [[Jarvis Hall (Colorado)]] student Peter T. Dotson under the auspices of Prof. [[Arthur Lakes]] near [[Golden, Colorado]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Colorado Transcript|date=July 8, 1874|via=www.coloradohistoricnewspapers.org}}</ref> In the early 1890s, [[John Bell Hatcher]] collected postcranial elements in eastern [[Wyoming]]. The fossils were believed to be from the large species ''[[Ornithomimus|Ornithomimus grandis]]'' (now ''[[Deinodon]]'') but are now considered ''T. rex'' remains.<ref name="quinlanetal2007" />

In 1892, [[Edward Drinker Cope]] found two vertebral fragments of a large dinosaur. Cope believed the fragments belonged to an "agathaumid" ([[Ceratopsidae|ceratopsid]]) dinosaur, and named them ''Manospondylus gigas'', meaning "giant porous vertebra", in reference to the numerous openings for blood vessels he found in the bone.<ref name="quinlanetal2007">{{Cite journal |last1=Breithaupt |first1=B. H. |last2=Southwell |first2=E. H. |last3=Matthews |first3=N. A. |date=October 15, 2005 |title=In Celebration of 100 years of ''Tyrannosaurus rex'': ''Manospondylus gigas'', ''Ornithomimus grandis'', and ''Dynamosaurus imperiosus'', the Earliest Discoveries of ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' in the West |url=http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_96150.htm |journal=Abstracts with Programs; 2005 Salt Lake City Annual Meeting |publisher=[[Geological Society of America]] |volume=37 |issue=7 |page=406 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530024000/http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_96150.htm |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |access-date=October 8, 2008|issn=0016-7592}}</ref> The ''M. gigas'' remains were, in 1907, identified by Hatcher as those of a theropod rather than a ceratopsid.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hatcher |first=J. B. |year=1907 |title=The Ceratopsia |url=https://archive.org/stream/TheCeratopsia/Musgs-1907-hatcherEtAl-theCeratopsiaLkUsaPart1Monograph#page/n111 |journal=Monographs of the United States Geological Survey |volume=49 |pages=113–114|issn=0886-7550}}</ref>

[[Henry Fairfield Osborn]] recognized the similarity between ''Manospondylus gigas'' and ''T. rex'' as early as 1917, by which time the second vertebra had been lost. Owing to the fragmentary nature of the ''Manospondylus'' vertebrae, Osborn did not synonymize the two genera, instead considering the older genus indeterminate.<ref name="osborn1917">{{Cite journal |last=Osborn |first=H. F. |author-link=Henry Fairfield Osborn |year=1917 |title=Skeletal adaptations of ''Ornitholestes'', ''Struthiomimus'', ''Tyrannosaurus'' |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=35 |issue=43 |pages=733–771 |hdl=2246/1334}}</ref> In June 2000, the [[Black Hills Institute]] found around 10% of a ''Tyrannosaurus'' skeleton ([[Black Hills Institute|BHI]] 6248) at a site that might have been the original ''M. gigas'' locality.<ref name="larson2008">{{Cite book |title=''Tyrannosaurus rex'', The Tyrant King |url=https://archive.org/details/tyrannosaurusrex00plar |url-access=limited |last=Larson |first=N. L. |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-253-35087-9 |editor-last=Larson |editor-first=P. |location=Bloomington, IN |pages=[https://archive.org/details/tyrannosaurusrex00plar/page/n16 1]–55 |chapter=One hundred years of ''Tyrannosaurus rex'': the skeletons |editor-last2=Carpenter |editor-first2=K.}}</ref>