Editing Typhon (section)

===Birth===
According to [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'' ({{circa|8th}} – 7th century BC), Typhon was the son of [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] (Earth) and [[Tartarus]]: "when [[Zeus]] had driven the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]] from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden [[Aphrodite]]".<ref>[[Hesiod]],''[[Theogony]]''
[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D820 820–822]. [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.3 1.6.3], and [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html Preface] also have Typhon as the offspring of Gaia and Tartarus. However, Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 152] has Typhon as the offspring of Tartarus and Tartara, where, according to Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA77 p. 77], Tartara was "no doubt [Gaia] herself under a name which designates all that lies beneath the earth."</ref> The mythographer [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]] (1st or 2nd century AD) adds that Gaia bore Typhon in anger at the gods for their destruction of her offspring the [[Giants (Greek mythology)|Giants]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.3 1.6.3].</ref>

Numerous other sources mention Typhon as being the offspring of Gaia, or simply "earth-born", with no mention of Tartarus.<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Seven Against Thebes]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0014%3Acard%3D521 522–523]; [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]] '' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=4995E0C297BD54D0B2C116B6EB6720BF?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0010%3Acard%3D343 353]; [[Nicander]], ''apud'' [[Antoninus Liberalis]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&pg=PA87 28]; [[Virgil]],
''[[Georgics]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Verg.+G.+1.276 1. 278–279]; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D5%3Acard%3D250 5.321–331]; [[Marcus Manilius|Manilius]], ''[[Astronomica (Manilius)|Astronomica]]'' [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/manilius-astronomica/1977/pb_LCL469.151.xml 2.874–875 (pp. 150, 153)]; [[Lucan]], ''[[Pharsalia]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0134%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D583 4.593–595]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/n71/mode/2up 1.154–155 (I pp. 14–15)].</ref> However, according to the [[Homeric Hymns|''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'']] (6th century BC), Typhon was the child of [[Hera]] alone.<ref>[[Homeric Hymns|''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'']] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D3%3Acard%3D305 305–355]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA72 p. 72]; Gantz, p. 49. [[Stesichorus]] ({{circa|630}} – 555 BC), it seems, also had Hera produce Typhon alone to "spite Zeus", see Fragment 239 (Campbell, [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/stesichorus_i-fragments/1991/pb_LCL476.167.xml?result=1&rskey=56v0bn pp. 166–167]); West 1966, p. 380; but see Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA72 p. 72 n. 5].</ref> Hera, angry at Zeus for having given birth to [[Athena]] by himself, prayed to Gaia, [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]], and the Titans, to give her a son stronger than Zeus, then slapped the ground and became pregnant. Hera gave the infant Typhon to the serpent [[Python (mythology)|Python]] to raise, and Typhon grew up to become a great bane to mortals.<ref>As for Typhon being a bane to mortals, Gantz, p. 49, remarks on the strangeness of such a description for one who would challenge the gods.</ref>
[[File:Wenceslas Hollar - The Greek gods. Tryphon.jpg|thumb|300px|Depiction by [[Wenceslaus Hollar]]]]
Several sources locate Typhon's birth and dwelling place in [[Cilicia]], and in particular the region in the vicinity of the ancient Cilician coastal city of [[Corycus]] (modern [[Kızkalesi]], Turkey). The poet [[Pindar]] ({{circa|470 BC}}) calls Typhon "Cilician",<ref>[[Pindar]], ''Pythian''  [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D8 8.15–16].</ref> and says that Typhon was born in Cilicia and nurtured in "the famous Cilician cave",<ref>[[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D1 1.15–17].</ref> an apparent allusion to the [[Corycus#Corycian Cave|Corycian cave]] in Turkey.<ref>Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA72 pp. 72–73]; West 1966, p. 251 line 304 '''εἰν Ἀρίμοισιν''' (''c'').</ref> In [[Aeschylus]]' ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'', Typhon is called the "dweller of the Cilician caves",<ref>[[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=4995E0C297BD54D0B2C116B6EB6720BF?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0010%3Acard%3D343 353–356]; Gantz, p. 49.</ref> and both  Apollodorus and the poet [[Nonnus]] (4th or 5th century AD) have Typhon born in Cilicia.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.6.3 1.6.3]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/n69/mode/2up 1.140. (I pp. 12–13)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/n71/mode/2up 1.154. (I pp. 14–15)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/20/mode/2up 1.258–260 (I pp. 20–23)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/26/mode/2up 1.321 (I pp. 26–27)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/46/mode/2up 2.35 (I pp. 46–47)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/90/mode/2up 2.631 ff. (I pp. 90–91)].</ref>

The b scholia to ''[[Iliad]]'' 2.783, preserving a possibly [[Orphic]] tradition, has Typhon born in Cilicia, as the offspring of [[Cronus]]. Gaia, angry at the destruction of the Giants, slanders Zeus to Hera. So Hera goes to Cronus, her and Zeus' father (whom Zeus had overthrown), and Cronus gives Hera two eggs smeared with his own semen, telling her to bury them underground, and that from them would be born one who would overthrow Zeus. Hera, angry at Zeus, buries the eggs in Cilicia "under Arimon", but when Typhon is born, Hera, now reconciled with Zeus, informs him.<ref>Kirk, Raven, and Schofield. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFpd86J8PLsC&pg=PA59 pp. 59–60 no. 52]; Ogden 2013b, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Vv0Fxm6Amh4C&pg=PA36 pp. 36–38]; Fontenrose, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wqeVv09Y6hIC&pg=PA72 p. 72]; Gantz, pp. 50–51, Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA76 p. 76 n. 46]. Ogden 2013a, p. 150, n. 6, seems to conclude from the fact that the eggs were buried underground, that Earth (Gaia) was therefore considered to be the mother.</ref>