Editing Tuna (section)

==Taxonomy==
The Thunnini tribe is a [[monophyletic]] [[clade]] comprising 15 species in five [[genera]]:
:* family [[Scombridae]]
:** '''tribe Thunnini: tunas'''
:*** genus ''[[Allothunnus]]:'' slender tunas
:*** genus ''[[Auxis]]:'' frigate tunas
:*** genus ''[[Euthynnus]]:'' little tunas
:*** genus ''[[Katsuwonus]]:'' skipjack tunas
:*** genus ''[[Thunnus]]:'' albacores and true tunas
:**** [[subgenus]] ''Thunnus ([[Thunnus (subgenus)|Thunnus]])'': bluefin group
:**** subgenus ''Thunnus ([[Neothunnus (subgenus)|Neothunnus]])'': yellowfin group

The [[cladogram]] is a tool for visualizing and comparing the evolutionary relationships between [[taxa]], and is read left-to-right as if on a timeline. The following cladogram illustrates the relationship between the tunas and other tribes of the family Scombridae. For example, the cladogram illustrates that the [[skipjack tuna]]s are more closely related to the [[true tuna]]s than are the [[slender tuna]]s (the most primitive of the tunas), and that the next nearest relatives of the tunas are the [[bonito]]s of the tribe Sardini.<ref name=Graham2004/>

<div class="thumb" style="margin: 5px; clear: left; width: 98%;">
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow:auto;border=1">
{{cladogram|title=The Tunas: Thunnini tribe, within the Family Scombridae
|align=left |caption=Cladogram: Tunas are classified into the tribe Thunnini (bottom-center in the above diagram)&nbsp;– one of four tribes in the family Scombridae.<ref name=Graham2004>{{cite journal|last1=Graham |first1=Jeffrey B. |last2=Dickson |first2=Kathryn A. |title=Tuna Comparative Physiology |journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology |year=2004 |volume=207 |issue=23 |pages=4015–4024 |doi=10.1242/jeb.01267 |pmid=15498947 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2004JExpB.207.4015G }}</ref>
|cladogram={{clade| style=font-size:80%;line-height:80%;width:820px;
    |label1=family [[Scombridae]]
    |1={{clade
        |label1=subfamily
        |1={{clade
            |label1=[[Gasterochismatinae]]
            |1={{clade
                |1={{clade
                    |1=[[Butterfly kingfish]]es (one genus)
                    }}
                }}
            }}
        |label2=subfamily
        |2={{clade
            |label1=[[Scombrinae]]
            |1={{clade
                |1={{clade
                    |label1=tribe [[Scombrini]]
                    |1={{clade
                        |1=[[Mackerel]]s (two genera) <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Scomber scombrus.png|50 px]]</span>
                        }}
                    }}
                |2={{clade
                    |1={{clade
                        |label1=tribe [[Scomberomorini]]
                        |1=[[Spanish mackerel]]s (three genera) <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Scomberomorus cavalla.png|50 px]]</span>
                        }}
                    |2={{clade
                        |1={{clade
                            |label1=tribe [[Sardini]]
                            |1={{clade
                                |1={{clade
                                    |1=[[Bonito]]s (four genera) <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Sarda sarda.jpg|50 px]]</span>
                                    }}
                                }}
                            }}
                        |2={{clade
                            |label1={{green|tribe'''Thunnini,'''}}
                            |1={{clade
                                |label1={{green|'''Tunas'''}}
                                |1={{clade |thickness=2
                                    |1={{green|''[[Allothunnus]]'', slender tunas}}
                                    |2={{clade |thickness=2
                                        |1={{green|''[[Auxis]]'', frigate tunas}} [[File:XRF-Auxis thazard.png|50 px]]
                                        |2={{clade |thickness=2
                                            |1={{green|''[[Euthynnus]]'', little tunas}} [[File:XRF-Euthynnus alletteratus.png|50 px]]
                                            |2={{clade |thickness=2
                                                |1={{green|''[[Katsuwonus]]'', skipjack tunas}} <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Katsuwonus pelamis.png|50 px]]</span>
                                                |2={{clade |thickness=2
                                                    |label1={{green|''[[Thunnus]]'', true tunas}}
                                                    |1={{clade |thickness=2
                                                        |label1={{green|subgenus ''[[Thunnus (subgenus)|Thunnus]]''}}
                                                        |1={{black|bluefin group}} <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Thunnus thynnus.png|50 px]]</span>
                                                        |label2={{green|subgenus ''[[Neothunnus (subgenus)|Neothunnus]]''}}
                                                        |2={{black|yellowfin group}} <span style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Thunnus albacares.png|50 px]]</span>
                                                        }}
                                                    }}
                                                }}
                                            }}
                                        }}
                                    }}
                                }}
                            }}
                        }}
                    }}
                }}
            }}
        }}
    }}
}}
</div></div>

{{Clear}}

===True species===
[[File:Tuna Relative Sizes.jpg|thumb|Relative sizes of various tunas, with the [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]] (top) at about {{convert|8|ft|m|abbr=on}} in this sample]]
The "true" tunas are those that belong to the genus ''Thunnus''. Until recently, it was thought that there were seven ''Thunnus'' species, and that [[Atlantic bluefin tuna]] and [[Pacific bluefin tuna]] were [[subspecies]] of a single species. In 1999, Collette established that based on both molecular and morphological considerations, they are in fact distinct species.<ref>{{cite conference |last=Collette |first=B.B. |conference=5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference: Nouméa, New Caledonia, 3–8 November 1997 |editor=Séret, B. |editor2=Sire, J.Y. |title=Mackerels, molecules, and morphology|year=1999|publisher=Société Française d'Ichtyologie [u.a.] |book-title=Proceedings |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-9507330-5-4 |pages=149–164 |url=https://oceanrep.geomar.de/id/eprint/5305/1/010021303.pdf }}</ref><ref name=Tanaka2006>{{cite journal |last1=Tanaka |first1=Y. |first2=K. |last2=Satoh |first3=M. |last3=Iwahashi |first4=H. |last4=Yamada |title=Growth-dependent recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna ''Thunnus orientalis'' in the northwestern Pacific Ocean |journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series |year=2006 |volume=319 |pages=225–235 |id={{INIST|18108521}} |doi=10.3354/meps319225 |bibcode=2006MEPS..319..225T |doi-access=free}}</ref>

The genus ''Thunnus'' is further classified into two [[subgenera]]: ''Thunnus ([[Thunnus (subgenus)|Thunnus]])'' (the bluefin group), and ''Thunnus ([[Neothunnus (subgenus)|Neothunnus]])'' (the yellowfin group).<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.20540-2 |chapter=Migration and Navigation in Fish |title=Encyclopedia of Reproduction |date=2018 |last1=Ueda |first1=Hiroshi |pages=84–89 |isbn=978-0-12-815145-7 }}</ref>
{{Clear}}
:{{Tuna table/Header|''[[Thunnus]]'', the true tunas}}
{{Tuna table/Thunnus (Thunnus)}}
{{Tuna table/Thunnus (Neothunnus)}}
|}

===Other species===
The Thunnini tribe also includes seven additional species of tuna across four genera. They are:

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="9"| Other tuna species
|-
! style="width:10em" | Common name
! style="width:11em" | Scientific name
! Maximum<br/>length
! Common<br/>length
! Maximum<br/>weight
! Maximum<br/>age
! [[Trophic level|Trophic<br/>level]]
! Source
! style="width:11em" |[[IUCN|IUCN status]]
|-
| [[Slender tuna]]
| ''[[Allothunnus]] fallai''<br/><small>(Serventy, 1948) </small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.05|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.86|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|13.7|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.74
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBfallai>{{FishBase | genus = Allothunnus | species = fallai | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNfallai>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Amorim, A.F. |author3=Boustany, A. |author4=Carpenter, K.E. |author5=de Oliveira Leite Jr. |author6=N. |author7=Di Natale, A. |author8=Fox, W. |author9=Fredou, F.L. |author10=Graves, J. |author11=Viera Hazin, F.H. |author12=Juan Jorda, M. |author13=Minte Vera, C. |author14=Miyabe, N. |author15=Nelson, R. |author16=Oxenford, H. |author17=Sun, C. |author18=Teixeira Lessa, R.P. |author19=Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E. |author20=Uozumi, Y. |date=2011 |title=''Allothunnus fallai'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170349A6761139 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170349A6761139.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Bullet tuna]]
| ''[[Auxis]] rochei''<br/><small>(Risso, 1810)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.5|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.35|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.8|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.13
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBrochei>{{FishBase | genus = Auxis | species = rochei | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=IUCNrochei/>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNrochei>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Acero, A. |author3=Amorim, A.F. |author4=Boustany, A. |author5=Canales Ramirez, C. |author6=Cardenas, G. |author7=Carpenter, K.E. |author8=de Oliveira Leite Jr. |author9=N. |author10=Di Natale, A. |author11=Fox, W. |author12=Fredou, F.L. |author13=Graves, J. |author14=Guzman-Mora, A. |author15=Viera Hazin, F.H. |author16=Juan Jorda, M. |author17=Kada, O. |author18=Minte Vera, C. |author19=Miyabe, N. |author20=Montano Cruz, R. |author21=Nelson, R. |author22=Oxenford, H. |author23=Salas, E. |author24=Schaefer, K. |author25=Serra, R. |author26=Sun, C. |author27=Teixeira Lessa, R.P. |author28=Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E. |author29=Uozumi, Y. |author30=Yanez, E. |date=2011 |title=''Auxis rochei'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170355A6765188 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170355A6765188.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Frigate tuna]]
| ''Auxis thazard''<br/><small>([[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1800)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.65|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.35|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.7|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.34
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBthazard>{{FishBase | genus = Auxis | species = thazard | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNthazard>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Acero, A. |author3=Amorim, A.F. |author4=Boustany, A. |author5=Canales Ramirez, C. |author6=Cardenas, G. |author7=Carpenter, K.E. |author8=de Oliveira Leite Jr. |author9=N. |author10=Di Natale, A. |author11=Fox, W. |author12=Fredou, F.L. |author13=Graves, J. |author14=Guzman-Mora, A. |author15=Viera Hazin, F.H. |author16=Juan Jorda, M. |author17=Kada, O. |author18=Minte Vera, C. |author19=Miyabe, N. |author20=Montano Cruz, R. |author21=Nelson, R. |author22=Oxenford, H. |author23=Salas, E. |author24=Schaefer, K. |author25=Serra, R. |author26=Sun, C. |author27=Teixeira Lessa, R.P. |author28=Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E. |author29=Uozumi, Y. |author30=Yanez, E. |date=2011 |title=''Auxis thazard'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170344A6757270 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170344A6757270.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Euthynnus affinis|Mackerel tuna]],<br />[[Euthynnus affinis|Kawakawa]]
| ''[[Euthynnus]] affinis''<br/><small>(Cantor, 1849)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.0|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.6|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|13.6|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 6 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.50
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBaffinis>{{FishBase | genus = Euthynnus | species = affinis | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=IUCNaffinis/>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNaffinis>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Chang, S.-K. |author3=Fox, W. |author4=Juan Jorda, M. |author5=Miyabe, N. |author6=Nelson, R. |author7=Uozumi, Y. |date=2011 |title=''Euthynnus affinis'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170336A6753804 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170336A6753804.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Little tunny]]
| ''Euthynnus alletteratus''<br/><small>(Rafinesque, 1810)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.2|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.8|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|16.5|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 10 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.13
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBalletteratus>{{FishBase | genus = Euthynnus | species = alletteratus | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNalletteratus>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Amorim, A.F. |author3=Boustany, A. |author4=Carpenter, K.E. |author5=de Oliveira Leite Jr. |author6=N. |author7=Di Natale, A. |author8=Fox, W. |author9=Fredou, F.L. |author10=Graves, J. |author11=Viera Hazin, F.H. |author12=Juan Jorda, M. |author13=Kada, O. |author14=Minte Vera, C. |author15=Miyabe, N. |author16=Nelson, R. |author17=Oxenford, H. |author18=Teixeira Lessa, R.P. |author19=Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E. |date=2011 |title=''Euthynnus alletteratus'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170345A6759394 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170345A6759394.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Black skipjack tuna]]
| ''Euthynnus lineatus''<br/><small>(Kishinouye, 1920)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.84|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.6|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|11.8|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.83
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBlineatus>{{FishBase | genus = Euthynnus | species = lineatus | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=IUCNlineatus/>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNlineatus>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B. |author2=Acero, A. |author3=Canales Ramirez, C. |author4=Cardenas, G. |author5=Carpenter, K.E. |author6=Di Natale, A. |author7=Guzman-Mora, A. |author8=Montano Cruz, R. |author9=Nelson, R. |author10=Schaefer, K. |author11=Serra, R. |author12=Yanez, E. |date=2011 |title=''Euthynnus lineatus'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T170320A6747016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170320A6747016.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Skipjack tuna]]
| ''[[Katsuwonus]] pelamis''<br/><small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|1.1|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|0.8|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{convert|34.5|kg|lb|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| style="text-align:right;"| 6–12 yrs
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.75
| style="text-align:center;"|<ref name=FBpelamis>{{FishBase | genus = Katsuwonus | species = pelamis | month = January | year = 2012}}</ref><ref name=IUCNpelamis/>
| [[File:LC IUCN 3 1.svg|LC IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Least concern</small><ref name=IUCNpelamis>{{cite iucn |author=Collette, B.B. |author2=Boustany, A. |author3=Fox, W. |author4=Graves, J. |author5=Juan Jorda, M. |author6=Restrepo, V. |date=2021 |title=''Katsuwonus pelamis'' |volume=2021 |page=e.T170310A46644566 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T170310A46644566.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
|}