Editing Truth serum (section)

== Reliability ==
While there have been many clinical studies of the efficacy of narcoanalysis in interrogation or [[lie detection]], there is dispute whether any of them qualify as a [[randomized study|randomized]], [[controlled study]], that would meet scientific standards for determining effectiveness.<ref name=ijme2006debate>There is some controversy to this point; see IJME debate in {{cite journal |last=Jesani |first=Amar |date=Oct–Dec 2006 |title=Medical professionals and interrogation: lies about finding the 'truth' |journal=[[Indian Journal of Medical Ethics]] |volume=3 |issue=4 |page=116 |location=Mumbai |type=Editorial |url=http://www.ijme.in/144ed116.html |quote=A PubMed search found 26 references from 1997 to 2001 (or 5.2 publications per year), but in less than five years (2002 to July 2006) the number has more than tripled to 83 or 16.6 publications per year. Many of these are randomised controlled trials. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090611122711/http://www.ijme.in/144ed116.html |archive-date=2009-06-11 }} and {{cite journal |last=Jesani |first=Amar |date=Jan–Mar 2007 |title=Misconceptions about narco analysis |journal=[[Indian Journal of Medical Ethics]] |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=7–8; discussion 10–1 |location=Mumbai |pmid=18630211 |type=Editorial reply |url=http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/151co07.html |quote=It is true that the number of research publications on lie detection has tripled during 2002-2006. But no material has been produced that can be described as randomised controlled trials. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730105833/http://www.issuesinmedicalethics.org/151co07.html |archive-date=2013-07-30 }}</ref><ref name=misquitta2011>A simple search: {{cite web |url=http://blog.pathfinderclinic.com/2011/02/narcoanalysis-spies-lies-and-truth.html |title=Narcoanalysis - spies, lies and truth serum  |last=Misquitta |first=Neville |date=28 Feb 2011 |work=Psychiatry and Society in Pune |type=blog |access-date=12 Mar 2013 |quote=A PubMed search using the MeSH term 'narcotherapy' gives just two articles in the last ten years. There are no randomised control studies - the scientific standard - to demonstrate the reproducibility of results obtained by narcoanalysis for information gathering, abreaction, or lie detection.}}</ref><ref name=frontline2007>{{cite magazine |last=Lakshman |first=Sriram |date=May 2007 |title=Narcoanalysis and some hard facts |magazine=Frontline |volume=24 |issue=9 |access-date=12 Mar 2013 |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2409/stories/20070518002109700.htm |quote=Given the nature of narcoanalysis, it is not possible to get volunteers to facilitate controlled studies. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313232317/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl2409/stories/20070518002109700.htm |archive-date=2013-03-13}} Indirecy quotation from B.M. Mohan</ref><ref name=cia1961>{{cite tech report |first=George |last=Bimmerle |title="Truth" Drugs in Interrogation |institution=[[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] |journal=Center for the Study of Intelligence |volume=5 |issue=2 |url=https://www.cia.gov/static/a56eb9be08868b6e14c6ff838ae77087/Truth-Drugs-in-Interrogation.pdf |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320155027/https://www.cia.gov/static/a56eb9be08868b6e14c6ff838ae77087/Truth-Drugs-in-Interrogation.pdf |archive-date=2021-03-20 |url-status=live |quote=The almost total absence of controlled experimental studies of "truth" drugs and the spotty and anecdotal nature of psychiatric and police evidence require that extrapolations to intelligence operations be made with care. }}</ref>