Editing Trumpet (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of the trumpet}}

[[File:Trompette d'argent et sa sourdine en bois du tombeau de Toutânkhamon 2.jpg|thumb|Silver and gold plated trumpet and its wooden mute from the [[KV62|tomb of Tutankhamun]] (1326–1336 BC)]]
[[File:Trumpetlarcomuseum.jpg|thumb|left|Ceramic trumpet, AD&nbsp;300, [[Larco Museum|Larco Museum Collection]] Lima, Peru]]
[[File:Trumpet, 1600-tal - Livrustkammaren - 106526.tif|thumb|Trumpet, 17th century, decorated with large tassels]]

The earliest trumpets date back to 2000&nbsp;BC and earlier. The bronze and silver [[Tutankhamun's trumpets]] from his grave in Egypt, [[Lur|bronze lur]]s from Scandinavia, and metal trumpets from China date back to this period.<ref>[[Edward Tarr]], ''The Trumpet'' (Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1988), 20–30.</ref> Trumpets from the [[Amu Darya|Oxus]] civilization (3rd millennium BC) of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder for its time.<ref>"Trumpet with a swelling decorated with a human head," [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012193813/http://louvre.fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice.jsp?CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225306&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673225306&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500803&bmUID=1164415855346&bmLocale=en ''Musée du Louvre'']</ref>

The [[Salpinx]] was a straight trumpet {{convert|62|in}} long, made of bone or bronze. [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' (9th or 8th century BCE) contain the earliest reference to its sound and further, frequent descriptions are found throughout the [[Classical antiquity|Classical Period]].<ref>Homer, ''Iliad,'' 18. 219.</ref> Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games.<ref name="bbtrumpet1"/> The [[Shofar]], made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth, made of metal, are both mentioned in the Bible. They were said to have been played in Solomon's Temple around 3,000 years ago. They are still used on certain religious days.<ref name="bbtrumpet1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbtrumpet.com/history-of-the-trumpet/|title=History of the Trumpet &#124; Pops' Trumpet College|date=8 November 2017|website=Bbtrumpet.com|access-date=19 April 2021}}</ref>

The [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] people of ancient [[Peru]] depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD&nbsp;300.<ref>Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. ''The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the [[Larco Museum|Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera]].'' New York: [[Thames and Hudson]], 1997.</ref> The earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense;<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.cso.org/
|title=Chicago Symphony Orchestra&nbsp;– Glossary&nbsp;– Brass instruments
|publisher=cso.org
|access-date=3 May 2008
}}
</ref> and the modern [[Bugle (instrument)|bugle]] continues this signaling tradition.

[[Image:Baroque repro trumpet.jpeg|thumb|Reproduction [[baroque trumpet]] by [[Michael Laird]]]]
Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The [[natural trumpet]]s of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required the player to change [[Crook (music)|crooks]] of the instrument.<ref name="bbtrumpet1"/>  The development of the upper, "[[Clarion (instrument)|clarino]]" register by specialist trumpeters—notably [[Cesare Bendinelli]]—would lend itself well to the [[Baroque]] era, also known as the "Golden Age of the natural trumpet." During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters. The art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing is again a thriving art around the world. Many modern players in Germany and the UK who perform Baroque music use a version of the natural trumpet fitted with three or four vent holes to aid in correcting out-of-tune notes in the harmonic series.<ref>John Wallace and Alexander McGrattan, ''The Trumpet'', Yale Musical Instrument Series (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011): 239. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11230-6}}.</ref>

The melody-dominated [[homophony]] of the [[Classical period (music)|classical]] and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a secondary role by most major composers owing to the limitations of the natural trumpet. [[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]] wrote in 1844:
<blockquote>
Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded (than the trumpet). Down to [[Beethoven]] and [[Carl Maria von Weber|Weber]], every composer&nbsp;– not excepting [[Mozart]]&nbsp;– persisted in confining it to the unworthy function of filling up, or in causing it to sound two or three commonplace rhythmical formulae.<ref>[[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz, Hector]] (1844). ''[[Treatise on Instrumentation|Treatise on modern Instrumentation and Orchestration]]''. [[Edwin F. Kalmus]], NY, 1948.</ref>
</blockquote>