Editing Triple oppression (section)

=== Claudia Jones ===
Erik S. McDuffie credits communist [[Louise Thompson Patterson]] with coining the term "triple oppression," while Carole Boyce Davies argues that the concept of black women's triple oppression was popularized within the [[Communist party|Communist Party]] by party member [[Claudia Jones]]. Jones's pivotal article critiquing the Party’s neglect of Black women synthesized her long-standing ideas on triple oppression'''.'''<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Lynn |first=Denise |year=2014 |title=Socialist Feminism and Triple Oppression: Claudia Jones and African American Women in American Communism |journal=Journal for the Study of Radicalism |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0001 |jstor=10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0001 |s2cid=161970928 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Jones believed that black women's triple oppression based on race, class, and gender preceded all other forms of oppression. Additionally, she theorized that by freeing black women, who are the most oppressed of all people, freedom would be gained for all people who suffer from race, class, and gender oppression.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aaihs.org/claudia-jones-feminist-vision-of-emancipation/|title=Claudia Jones' Feminist Vision Of Emancipation|last=Lynn|first=Denise|date=September 8, 2016|website=African American Intellectual History Society|access-date=November 10, 2016}}</ref> Jones saw that the Communist Party focused on the oppression of the white working-class male, and she criticized the party's lack of recognition of the specific oppressions of black women in her article, "An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman" (1949).<ref name=":4" />

Jones was sure to articulate a socialist feminism that took into account not just race, but the disparate struggles of all working women. Jones felt that black American women experienced a unique form of oppression that was not acknowledged by [[feminism]]. She argued that with the liberation of black women, [[black nationalism]] would be much more achievable. As she puts it, "once Negro women undertake action, the militancy of the whole Negro people, and thus of the anti-imperialist coalition is greatly enhanced."<ref>{{cite journal|date=Fall 2014|title=Socialist Feminism and Triple Oppression|journal=Journal for the Study of Radicalism|volume=8|issue=2|page=11|last1=Lynn|first1=Denise|doi=10.14321/jstudradi.8.2.0001|s2cid=161970928|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Jones's views influenced other Communist women and black female activists, such as [[Angela Davis]]<ref name=":3" /> and the [[Combahee River Collective]].<ref name=":4" /> Davis writes about triple oppression in her book ''[[Women, Race and Class]]'' (1981),<ref>{{Cite book|title=Literature and Gender|last=Goodman|first=Lizbeth|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9781135636074|pages=153}}</ref> where she identifies white socialist [[Elizabeth Gurley Flynn]] as articulating the concept of "triple jeopardy" in 1948, quoting this passage: "Every inequality	and	disability	inflicted on	American	white	women	is	aggravated	a	thousandfold among	Negro women, who	are	triply	exploited — as	Negroes, as	workers, and as	women."<ref>''Women, Race and Class'', p.97</ref>