Editing Tribune Tower (section)

==The building==

===Design===
By 1922 the neo-Gothic skyscraper had become an established design tactic, with the first important so-called "American Perpendicular Style" at [[Cass Gilbert]]'s [[Woolworth Building]] of 1913. This was a late example, perhaps the last important example, and criticized for its perceived historicism. Construction on the Tribune Tower was completed in 1925 and reached a height of 462 feet (141&nbsp;m) above ground. The ornate buttresses surrounding the peak of the tower are especially visible when the tower is lit at night.

As was the case with most of Hood's projects, the sculptures and decorations were made by the American artist [[Rene Paul Chambellan]]. The tower features carved images of [[Robin Hood]] (Hood) and a howling dog (Howells) near the main entrance to commemorate the architects. The top of the tower is designed after the ''Tour de beurre'' (″butter tower″) of the [[Rouen Cathedral]] in France,<ref name="chicagotribune">{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-tribunetower-htmlstory-htmlstory.html |publisher=chicagotribune.com |title=Tribune Tower – Chicago Tribune|date=May 15, 2006 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> which is characteristic of the [[Late-Gothic]] style, that is to say, without a spire but with a crown-shaped top.

Rene Paul Chambellan contributed his sculpture talents to the buildings ornamentation, gargoyles and the [[Aesop]]s' Screen over the main entrance doors. Rene Chambellan worked on other projects with Raymond Hood including the [[American Radiator Building]] and [[Rockefeller Center]] in New York City. Also, among the gargoyles on the Tribune Tower is one of a frog. That piece was created by Rene Chambellan to represent himself jokingly as he is of French ancestry.

<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Tribune Tower6 (straightened).jpg|Tribune Tower in 2009
File:Tribune Tower3.jpg|[[Buttress]]es on the top of the building
File:2015-03-14 07.58.16 St Patrick's Day Parade P3140020 (34889365000).jpg|The Tribune Tower (right) above the [[Chicago River]]
File:Tribune Tower Aerial 2021.jpg|Tribune Tower in July 2021, with noticeable additions on part of the condo conversion
</gallery>

===Collection of famous building fragments===
[[File:Edinburgh_Castle_04-23-2018_018.jpg|thumb|Fragment of [[Edinburgh Castle]] built into the tower]]
[[File:Tribune Tower 02.JPG|thumb|alt=Four square tiles embedded in the facade, arranged in a diamond pattern with the top and bottom tiles lighter in color than the right and left tiles |Tiles from the [[Sydney Opera House]] embedded in the facade]]

Prior to the building of the Tribune Tower, correspondents for the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' had brought back rocks and bricks from a variety of historically important sites throughout the world at the request of [[Robert R. McCormick|Colonel McCormick]]. Many of these fragments have been incorporated into the lowest levels of the building and are labeled with their location of origin. Stones included in the wall are from such sites as the [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen's Cathedral]], [[Trondheim Cathedral]], [[Taj Mahal]], [[Clementine Hall]], the [[Parthenon]], [[Hagia Sophia]], [[Süleymaniye Mosque]], [[Corregidor Island]], [[Palace of Westminster]], [[petrified wood]] from the [[Redwood National and State Parks]], the [[Great Pyramid at Giza|Great Pyramid]], [[Alamo Mission in San Antonio|The Alamo]], [[Notre-Dame de Paris]], [[Lincoln Tomb|Abraham Lincoln's Tomb]], the [[Great Wall of China]], [[Independence Hall]], [[Fort Santiago]], [[Angkor Wat]], [[Ta Prohm]], [[Wawel Castle]], [[Banteay Srei]], and [[Rouen Cathedral]]'s Butter Tower, which inspired the shape of the building.<ref name="chicagoarchitecture">{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagoarchitecture.org/2013/03/05/pictures-of-all-149-rocks-stuck-on-the-tribune-tower/tribune-tower-rock-butter-tower-notre-dame-cathedral-rouen-france/ |publisher=chicagoarchitecture.org |title=Tribune Tower rock – Butter Tower – Notre Dame Cathedral – Rouen – France :: Chicago Architecture |work=Chicago Architecture |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="chicagotribune"/>

In 1999, during a celebration of the 30th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission, [[Buzz Aldrin]] presented a rock brought from the [[Moon]], which was displayed in a window in the Tribune gift store (it could not be added to the wall, as [[NASA]] owns a large majority of the Apollo Moon rocks, and this one was merely on loan to the Tribune).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://chicagotribune.newspapers.com/clip/35734377/chicago_tribune/ |title=Sliver of Moon Brightens Michigan Avenue |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |location=Chicago, Illinois |last1=Manier |first1=Jeremy |date=July 22, 1999 |page=197 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The rock was removed in 2011 due to an outdated display.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2011-09-28-chi-tribune-tower-moon-rock-gone-but-new-one-to-take-its-place-20110928-story.html |title=Tribune Tower moon rock gone, but new one to take its place |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=September 8, 2019}}</ref> A new rock display is planned but has not been installed {{asof|2018|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://thenewchicagoan.com/chicago/tribune |title=How did Tribune Tower get all those stones? |website=The New Chicagoan |date=June 5, 2018|access-date=September 8, 2019}}</ref> A piece of steel recovered from the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] has been added to the wall. Tiles from the [[Sydney Opera House]] were added in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=How did Tribune Tower get all those stones? |url=https://thenewchicagoan.com/chicago/tribune |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20241104093550/https://thenewchicagoan.com/chicago/tribune |archive-date=4 November 2024 |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=The New Chicagoan}}</ref>

===Buildings influenced by the Tower===
Several buildings around the world make reference to the design of the Tribune Tower, most notably in Australia: the spires of the [[Grace Building (Sydney)|Grace Building]] in [[Sydney]] and the [[Manchester Unity Building]] in [[Melbourne]]. Additionally, the architects of [[One Atlantic Center]] located in the Midtown section of [[Atlanta]] were influenced by the building which is most evident in the shaft of the building as well as the base.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/08/arts/architecture-view-american-gothic-rides-high-in-atlanta-s-ibm-building.html |title=ARCHITECTURE VIEW; American Gothic Rides High in Atlanta's I.B.M. Building |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 8, 1988 |last1=Goldberger |first1=Paul}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEYiQhuyJR8C&dq=ibm+tower+atlanta+%22tribune%22+tower&pg=PA121 |title=AIA Guide to the Architecture of Atlanta |isbn=9780820314396 |last1=Sams |first1=Gerald W. |year=1993|publisher=University of Georgia Press }}</ref>

===Freedom Museum===
On April 11, 2006, the [[McCormick Tribune Freedom Museum]] opened, occupying two stories of the building, including the previous location of high-end gift store [[Hammacher Schlemmer]]. The museum closed this location on March 1, 2009, and redirected its efforts to become an online museum.

===Open House Chicago===
Tribune Tower has participated in [[Chicago Architecture Foundation]]'s event [[Open House Chicago]] every year, starting in 2011. This annual opportunity allows visitors to tour the interior of the building for free.<ref name="chicagotribune2">{{cite web |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2011/10/13/an-architectural-speed-date-awaits/ |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |title=Open House Chicago architectural walking tour – tribunedigital-chicagotribune |date=October 13, 2011 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="curbed">{{cite web |url=http://chicago.curbed.com/archives/2012/10/17/open-house-2012-chicago-tribune-towers.php |publisher=Curbed Chicago |title=The Immensely Gratifying and Deceptively Short Tribune Tower |date=October 17, 2012 |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref name="openhousechicago">{{cite web |url=http://openhousechicago.org/sites/ |publisher=openhousechicago.org |title=Sites · Open House Chicago |access-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref>

=== Condo conversion ===
The ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', the building's main tenant since it opened, moved out in June 2018, in order for the building to be converted to condos.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ori |first=Blair Kamin and Ryan |title=Developers plan city's second-tallest skyscraper next to new Tribune Tower condos |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-tribune-tower-kamin-and-ori-0416-story.html |access-date=August 16, 2021 |website=chicagotribune.com|date=April 17, 2018 }}</ref> The conversion of the building is set to cost more than $500 million.<ref name=":0" /> The conversion has run into some legal troubles regarding the sign: the ''Chicago Tribune'' contends that the sign is their intellectual property, so it can not remain on the building, but the developers stated that they had a contractual agreement to buy the sign for one dollar.<ref name=":0" /> [[Robert R. McCormick|Col. Robert R. McCormick's]] former iconic office on the 24th floor will be turned into offices.<ref name=":0" /> In the former parking lot for Tribune Tower, there are plans to build [[Tribune East Tower|Tribune Tower East]], a super-tall skyscraper that would become the city's second-tallest.

=== Plaza ===
{{Main|Statue of Nathan Hale (Chicago)}}
[[File:Nathan Hale by Bela Lyon Pratt at the Chicago Tribune, Chicago, IL, USA.jpg|thumb|The [[Statue of Nathan Hale (Chicago)|statue]] of [[Nathan Hale]] by [[Bela Pratt]] in 2013]]
The building's plaza has a [[bronze sculpture]] by [[Bela Pratt]] depicting [[Nathan Hale]], commissioned by McCormick in 1940. It is a replica of one commissioned by [[Yale University]] in 1899; Pratt's widow gave permission for the copy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 3, 1976 |title=Answering questions from the letterbox |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/383993750/?terms=%22Nathan%20Hale%22%20statue%20Chicago&match=1 |work=Chicago Tribune |pages=287}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nathan Hale |url=https://www.themagnificentmile.com/explore/listing/nathan-hale |access-date=January 15, 2024 |website=The Magnificent Mile |language=en-US}}</ref> The statue was dedicated on June 4, 1940, with an event that included musical performances and an address by Professor William Warren Sweet, attended by high school [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps]] members.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 2, 1940 |title=Program announced for dedication of Nathan Hale statue |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/370428608/?terms=%22Nathan%20Hale%22%20statue%20Chicago&match=1 |work=Chicago Tribune |pages=27}}</ref> It depicts Hale with wrists and ankles bound.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Young |first=Christopher J. |date=2016 |title=Memory by Consensus: Remembering the American Revolutionary War in Chicago |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44162809 |journal=Journal of American Studies |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=971–997 |doi=10.1017/S0021875815001206 |jstor=44162809 |issn=0021-8758}}</ref> The pedestal states that it is "Dedicated to the reserve officers of America" and the statue's base has Hale's famous quote "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 5, 1940 |title=Hale ceremony stirring finale of R.O.T.C. Day |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/370438497/?terms=%22Nathan%20Hale%22%20statue%20Chicago |work=Chicago Tribune |pages=1}}</ref>