Editing Treponema pallidum (section)

== Laboratory identification ==
[[File:TreponemaPallidum.jpg|thumb|Electron micrograph image of ''T. pallidum'' cultured on epithelial cells of cotton-tail rabbits.]]
''Treponema pallidum'' was first microscopically identified in syphilitic chancres by [[Fritz Schaudinn]] and [[Erich Hoffmann]] at the [[Charité]] in Berlin in 1905.<ref name="Schaudinn1905">{{cite journal |last1=Schaudinn |first1=Fritz Richard |author-link1=Fritz Richard Schaudinn |last2=Hoffmann |first2=Erich |author-link2=Erich Hoffmann |year=1905 |title=Vorläufiger Bericht über das Vorkommen von Spirochaeten in syphilitischen Krankheitsprodukten und bei Papillomen |trans-title=Preliminary report on the occurrence of Spirochaetes in syphilitic chancres and papillomas |url=https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_TPkAAAAAYAAJ#page/n535/mode/2up |journal=Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte |volume=22 |pages=527–534}}</ref> Historically, this bacterium was identified in the clinical laboratory through visualization in dark field microscopy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wicher |first=Konrad |last2=Horowitz |first2=Harold W |last3=Wicher |first3=Victoria |date=1999-10-01 |title=Laboratory methods of diagnosis of syphilis for the beginning of the third millennium |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1286457999805218 |journal=Microbes and Infection |volume=1 |issue=12 |pages=1035–1049 |doi=10.1016/S1286-4579(99)80521-8 |issn=1286-4579}}</ref> This bacterium can be detected with special stains, such as the [[Dieterle stain]]. ''T. pallidum'' is also detected by [[serology]], including [[nontreponemal]] [[Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test|VDRL]], [[rapid plasma reagin]], treponemal antibody tests ([[FTA-ABS]]), ''T. pallidum'' immobilization reaction, and [[syphilis TPHA test]].<ref name="Microbiology">{{cite book |last1=Fisher |first1=Bruce |title=Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology |last2=Harvey |first2=Richard P. |last3=Champe |first3=Pamela C. |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7817-8215-9 |series=Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series |location=Hagerstown, MD}}</ref>