Editing Treblinka extermination camp (section)

===Location===
[[File:WW2-Holocaust-Poland.PNG|thumb|Treblinka in [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]] with Nazi [[extermination camp]]s marked with black and white skulls. [[General Government]] territory: centre. [[District of Galicia]]: lower–right. [[Province of Upper Silesia#World War II|Upper Silesia]] with [[Auschwitz]]: lower–left.]]

The two parallel camps of Treblinka were built {{cvt|50|mi|order=flip}} northeast of [[Warsaw]].<ref name="USHMM-Treblinka">{{cite web |url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005193 |title=Treblinka |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |author=Holocaust Encyclopedia |date=10 June 2013 |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503084809/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005193 |archive-date=3 May 2012 |format=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Arad|1987|p=247}} Before World War II, it was the location of a gravel mining enterprise for the production of concrete, connected to most of the major cities in central Poland by the [[Małkinia Górna|Małkinia]]–[[Sokołów Podlaski]] railway junction and the [[Treblinka, Masovian Voivodeship|Treblinka village]] station. The mine was owned and operated by the Polish industrialist Marian Łopuszyński, who added the new {{cvt|6|km|mi|adj=on}} railway track to the existing line.{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=35}} When the German SS took over Treblinka I, the quarry was already equipped with heavy machinery that was ready to use.{{sfn|United States Department of Justice|1994|ps=: Appendix 3: 144.}} Treblinka was well-connected but isolated enough,{{efn|All three Reinhard camps (Bełżec, Sobibór and Treblinka) were built in rural forest complexes of the [[General Government]] to hide their existence and complete the illusion that they were transit points for deportations to the east.{{sfn|Arad|1987|pp=27, 84}}}}{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=76}} halfway between some of the largest Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe, including the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] and the [[Białystok Ghetto]], the capital of the newly formed [[Bialystok District]]. The Warsaw Ghetto had 500,000 Jewish inmates,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Einwohner |first=Rachael L. |date=November 2003 |title=Opportunity, Honor, and Action in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 |journal=American Journal of Sociology |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |volume=109 |issue=3 |pages=657 |doi=10.1086/379528 |s2cid=142845298}}</ref> and the Białystok Ghetto had about 60,000.<ref name="Friedman"/>

Treblinka was divided into two separate camps {{cvt|2|km}} apart. Two engineering firms, the Schönbronn Company of Leipzig and the Warsaw branch of Schmidt–Münstermann, oversaw the construction of both camps.{{sfn |Webb|Chocholatý|2014|p=20}} Between 1942 and 1943, the extermination centre was further redeveloped with a [[crawler excavator]]. New gas chambers constructed of brick and cement mortar were freshly erected, and mass cremation [[pyre]]s were also introduced.<ref name="ARC-mapping">{{cite web |url=http://www.deathcamps.org/treblinka/maps.html |title=Mapping Treblinka |publisher=Death Camps.org |work=Treblinka Camp History |date=4 September 2006 |access-date=12 August 2013 |author=Webb, Chris |archive-date=9 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709165334/http://www.deathcamps.org/treblinka/maps.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The perimeter was enlarged to provide a buffer zone, making it impossible to approach the camp from the outside. The number of trains caused panic among the residents of nearby settlements.{{sfn|Rees|2005|loc=BBC}} They would likely have been killed if caught near the railway tracks.{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=405}}