Editing Transport in Pakistan (section)

== Road ==
{{Main|Roads in Pakistan}}
[[File:Pakistan roadway map.jpg|thumb|Roadway network of Pakistan]]

=== Motorways ===
{{Main|Motorways of Pakistan}}
[[File:M2-Motorway.jpg|thumb|The motorway passes through the [[Salt Range]] mountains]]
The construction of motorways began in the early 1990s, with the idea of building a world-class road network and reducing the load on the heavily used national highways throughout the country. The [[M-2 motorway (Pakistan)|M-2]] was the first motorway completed in 1998, linking the cities of [[Islamabad]] and [[Lahore]]. In the past 5 years, many new motorways have opened up, including the [[M-1 motorway (Pakistan)|M-1]] and [[M-4 motorway (Pakistan)|M-4]]. The M4 is operational and connects the cities of Pindi Bhatian (M-2), Faisalabad and Multan via [[Gojra]], [[Toba Tek Singh]], [[Jhang]], [[Shorkot]], [[Pir Mahal]] and [[Khanewal]]. In 2019 [[M-3 motorway (Pakistan)|M-3]] became operational, which connects Lahore with Multan through Abdul Hakeem and the existing M4 near [[Multan]]. It terminates at the M5, which became operational in 2019. The [[M-5 motorway (Pakistan)|M-5]] lead to the Sukkur District of Sindh. There, the [[M-6 motorway (Pakistan)|M-6]] (which is proposed with construction work to begin soon) will start; the M6 will end at [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]], where it will meet the existing M9 motorway to [[Karachi]]. In addition to this, the [[M-8 motorway (Pakistan)|M-8]] in [[Baluchistan]] province, the longest motorway of Pakistan, is half under construction, half operational. In central Punjab, the Lahore-Sialkot Motorway ([[M-11 motorway (Pakistan)|M-11]]) opened on 18 March 2020 and in KPK province, the Hakka-Dera Ismail Khan Motorway (M14) is also under construction. Swat Motorway has been completed and operational up to Chakdarra. Hazara Motorway one more expressway under construction in KPK province.
* Total: 263,775&nbsp;km
** Paved: 152,033&nbsp;km (Including 1600&nbsp;km of Motorway and 300&nbsp;km of Expressways)
** Unpaved: 105,650&nbsp;km (2001)
** Vehicles on road: 4.2 million vehicles 250,000 commercial vehicles (2004 estimate)

=== National Highways ===
{{Main|National Highways of Pakistan}}
[[File:Pakistan Nationalhighways.PNG|thumb|National Highways, Motorways & Strategic Roads of Pakistan.]]
[[File:Pakistani truck in Karakoram Highway, Passu, Northern Areas, Pakistan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jingle truck]]s on Karakoram Highway]]
During the 1990s, Pakistan began an ongoing project to rebuild all [[National Highways of Pakistan|national highways]] throughout the country specifically to important financial, cargo and textile centers. The [[National Highway Authority (Pakistan)|National Highway Authority]] or NHA is responsible for the maintenance of all national highways in Pakistan.
* The [[Makran Coastal Highway]] follows the coast of Sindh and Balochistan provinces, linking Karachi and Gwadar. Journey time has been reduced to six or seven hours with the construction of the new Coastal Highway. The highway was built as part of an overall plan to improve transport facilities in southern Balochistan.
* The [[Karakoram Highway]] is the highest paved international road in the world. It connects China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass.
* The [[Grand Trunk Road]] (commonly abbreviated to GT Road) is one of South Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For several centuries, it has linked the eastern and western regions of the [[South Asia]], running from Teknaf in Bangladesh, entering West Bengal, India travelling across to north India, into Peshawar in Pakistan.
* The [[Silk Road]] is an extensive interconnected network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, including North Africa and Europe. It passes through the midsection of Pakistan through cities: Peshawar, [[Taxila (modern)|Taxila]] and Multan.

=== Expressways ===
{{Main|Expressways of Pakistan}}

=== Provincial Highways ===
* Provincial Highways of Pakistan administered Kashmir.
* Provincial Highways of Balochistan
* [[Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan]]
* [[Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
* [[Provincial Highways of Punjab]]
* [[Provincial Highways of Sindh]]

===Flyovers and Underpasses===
<gallery mode="packed" widths="200" >
File:Nagan Ch Karachi.jpg|Nagan Chowrangi Flyover, [[Karachi]]
File:Azadi chowk Lahore.jpg|Azadi Chowk Flyover, [[Lahore]]
File:Sufi Barkat Ali Flyover and Under Pass (cropped).jpg|Sufi Barkat Ali Flyover and Underpass, [[Faisalabad]]
</gallery>
Many flyovers and underpasses are located in major urban areas of the country to regulate the flow of traffic. The highest number of flyovers and under passes are located in [[Karachi]], followed by [[Lahore]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1834123/1-work-begins-three-flyovers-karachi?amp=1|title=Work begins on three more flyovers in Karachi|date=25 October 2018|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref> Other cities having flyovers and underpasses for the regulation of flow of traffic includes [[Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area|Islamabad-Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Multan]], [[Faisalabad]], [[Hyderabad, Pakistan|Hyderabad]], [[Quetta]], [[Sargodha]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Sukkur]], [[Larkana]], [[Rahim Yar Khan]] and [[Sahiwal]] etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2013/01/09/cm-to-inaugurate-6th-road-flyover-today/|title=CM to inaugurate 6th road flyover today &#124; Pakistan Today|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/1116986/infrastructure-jhal-flyover-near-completion-says-minister?amp=1|title=Infrastructure: Jhal flyover near completion, says minister|date=5 June 2016|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Flyover,+Sargodha,+Punjab,+Pakistan/@32.0811849,72.6671609,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x392177a4504530a1:0x9d3ee09ce7f9aa7f?hl=en-US&gl=pk|title=Flyover|website=Flyover}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/166170/flyover-in-bahawalpur|title=Flyover in Bahawalpur|date=19 November 2005|website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

Beijing Underpass, [[Lahore]] is the longest underpass of Pakistan with a length of about {{cvt|1.3|km}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistans-longest-underpass-opens-in-lahore-1.2134973|title=Pakistan's longest underpass opens in Lahore|website=gulfnews.com|date=4 December 2017 }}</ref> [[Muslim Town Flyover]], [[Lahore]] is the longest flyover of the country with a length of about {{cvt|2.6|km}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2012/04/30/say-hello-to-the-country%E2%80%99s-largest-flyover/amp/|title=Say hello to the country's largest flyover! &#124; Pakistan Today|website=www.pakistantoday.com.pk}}</ref>

=== Buses ===
Within cities, buses provide a significant role in commuting a large number of travelers from one city to another. Recently, large CNG buses have been put onto the streets of various cities, primarily [[Karachi]] and [[Lahore]], and recently [[Islamabad]],[[Peshawar]] as the minivans which were originally used were beginning to cause large traffic problems. Private yellow and white minivans have services throughout cities in Pakistan and get commuters from one point of the city to the other at a low cost. Since 2000, however, the government has taken a comprehensive initiative to modernize the existing bus fleets and minimally impact the environment. This public-private enterprise would gradually introduce 8,000 CNG buses throughout the country and 800 buses in Karachi. This venture will ensure high standards of efficiency and cleanliness.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.php?id=217619 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225090539/http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.php?id=217619 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2024 |title=Imran Khan sworn-in as PM Pakistan |publisher=PakTribune |access-date=2018-08-18 }}</ref>

* '''Inter city'''

Bus service in urban areas and between cities is well established with services run by both public and private sectors.

* '''International'''
International bus services are also well established in Pakistan and connect to various countries:
{{col div|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Islamabad]]-[[Dushanbe]], Tajikistan (proposed)
* [[Peshawar]]-[[Kabul]], Afghanistan 
* [[Peshawar]]-[[Jalalabad]], Afghanistan 
* [[Gwadar]]-[[Zahidan]], Iran
* [[Karachi]]-[[Quetta]]-[[Zahidan]]-[[Tehran]], Iran (proposed)
* [[Quetta]]-[[Mashad]], Iran
* [[Quetta]]-[[Zahidan]], Iran 
* [[Islamabad]]-[[Kashghar]], China (proposed)
* [[Gilgit]]-[[Kashgar]] see [[Karakoram Highway#Bus service between Gilgit and Kashgar|Karakoram Highway]]
{{col div end}}

=== Taxis ===
Another very common form of transport, seen mainly at hotels and airports, are yellow taxis. Drivers charge according to a meter located on the dashboard of the car, but fares can be negotiated if there is no meter. The cab drivers are reliable and will take passengers to any destination required.

There are also numerous privately run services that use cars and minibuses of various types throughout Pakistan, providing a reliable and quick means of transport. Recently, the Radio Cab was introduced in Pakistan, which allows riders to call a toll-free number to get in touch with the closest taxi stand. This service is currently offered in [[Islamabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Karachi]], [[Peshawar]] and [[Lahore]]. Services for [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]] and [[Faisalabad]] are now being set up. Another local cab service was introduced in August, 2017 with the name iCAB, claiming to be the first cab service of the country with a centralized platform for all kinds of road transportation services, providing app-based services and getting stupendous response from the people of Pakistan. Launched from the capital territory, iCAB will expand its operations to overall 13 cities of the country.

=== Cars ===
Over the years, the number of cars on Pakistani roads has tripled{{As of?|date=December 2023}}{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}}. Traffic jams are a common scene in major cities across Pakistan. The most popular cars on Pakistani roads are the [[Suzuki Mehran]], [[Suzuki Cultus]], [[Suzuki Alto]], [[Suzuki Carry|Suzuki Bolan]], [[Daihatsu Mira|Daihatsu Coure]], [[Hyundai Santro]], [[Honda Civic]], [[Honda City]], [[Honda Accord]], [[Toyota Corolla]], [[Daihatsu Mira]], [[Nissan Dayz]], [[Toyota Vitz]], [[Kia Sportage]], [[Kia Picanto]], [[Hyundai Elantra]], [[Toyota Fortuner]], [[Toyota Hilux Revo]]

Luxury SUVs and cars are owned by the elite in urban cities and by many large landowners in the villages and rural areas, thus making them a fairly common sight in Pakistan. The most popular models are the [[Toyota Land Cruiser]], [[Toyota Prado]], [[Range Rover|Land Rover Range Rover]], along with several [[Mercedes-Benz]]es, [[BMW]]s and [[Audi|Audis.]]

==== Future cars ====
Students and teachers from the [[National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan|National University of Science and Technology]] developed Pakistan's first ever hybrid gasoline car, the [[Devrim II]], inspired by the [[Turkey|Turkish]] model Devrim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://propakistani.pk/2010/05/12/nust-students-design-pakistan-first-hybrid-car/|title=NUST Students Design Pakistan's First-ever Hybrid Car|date=12 May 2010 }}</ref> Before that, students from [[Naval College Karachi]] and [[Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute]] also made a successful hybrid car, but [[Devrim II]] is the most effective one.  The group, the Pak-Wheelers, had succeeded in 2011 in developing a car with a fuel efficiency of 450 kilometres per liter, but were trying to improve it to more than 700 by using hybrid technology.<ref>[http://pak-wheelers.com/sponsor.html Objectives of Pak-Wheelers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309071848/http://pak-wheelers.com/sponsor.html |date=2011-03-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/9131/nust-students-design-countrys-first-ever-hybrid-car|title=NUST students design country's first-ever hybrid car|date=26 April 2010|website=The Express Tribune}}</ref>

=== Auto rickshaws ===
[[File:Auto-rickshaw on Canal Bank Road Lahore 2009-06.jpg|thumb|Due to increasing environmental issues with older rickshaws, the government has heavily invested in greener, more fuel-efficient rickshaws]]
[[Auto rickshaws]] are a popular method of travelling in cities and are found in almost every city and town in Pakistan. The fare is usually negotiable before commencing a journey; however, due to the level of pollution contributed by auto-rickshaws, the government has recently begun banning older ones and replacing them with CNG auto rickshaws, which tend to be less noisy, form less pollutants and are much bigger and more comfortable. The Punjab government decided in 2005 to replace two-stroke three-wheelers with [[Compressed natural gas|CNG]]-fitted four-stroke rickshaws in Lahore, [[Multan]], [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]] and [[Gujranwala]]. Three manufacturers were ordered to produce 60,000 four-stroke vehicles, but they reportedly supplied 2,000 to the government which are now plying on city roads. Similar ordinances are now being considered in other provinces of Pakistan.

A new form of transport in Pakistan is the Qing-Qi (pronounced "ching-chee"), which is a cross between a motorcycle and auto-rickshaw. It runs just like a motorcycle but has three wheels instead of two and can carry a much heavier load. It is an urban transport vehicle and is used mostly for short distances.

=== Motorcycling and ride-hailing ===
Motorcycling is another means of transportation in Pakistan. It is considered to be the most quickest way of getting to areas where vehicles cannot reach. There are also motorcycling operators in the cities. Some of them make use of helmet while others don't. There are also companies such as [[Bykea]] that offer ride-hailing services with bikes or motorcycles in [[Karachi]], [[Lahore]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Peshawar]] and others.<ref>{{cite news | last =Jamil | first =Ahmed  | title =Is Bykea the first next? Pakistani unicorn in the making? | publisher =profit.pakistantoday.com.pk| date =6 May 2019 | url =https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/05/06/is-bykea-the-first-next-pakistani-unicorn-in-the-making/ | access-date =3 June 2019}}</ref> Ride-hailing services such as [[Uber]] and [[Careem]] are also available.
In 2019, 2 more private ride-sharing services introduced specifically in the city of Karachi named Airlift and SWVL. Airlift is a Pakistan-based company while SWVL is an Egyptian company.