Editing Torino scale (section)

==History and naming==
The Torino scale was created by Professor [[Richard P. Binzel]] in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT). The first version, called "A Near-Earth Object Hazard Index", was presented at a [[United Nations]] conference in 1995 and was published by Binzel in the subsequent conference proceedings (''Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,'' volume 822, 1997.)

A revised version of the "Hazard Index" was presented at a June 1999 international conference on NEOs held in Torino ([[Turin]]), Italy. The conference participants voted to adopt the revised version, where the bestowed name "Torino scale" recognizes the spirit of international cooperation displayed at that conference toward research efforts to understand the hazards posed by NEOs. ("Torino scale" is the proper usage, not "Turin scale.")<ref name=nasa/> This version was published in a subsequent peer-reviewed article.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Torino Impact Hazard Scale |journal=Planetary and Space Science |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=297–303 |bibcode=2000P&SS...48..297B |last1=Binzel |first1=Richard P. |year=2000 |doi=10.1016/S0032-0633(00)00006-4 }}</ref>

Due to exaggerated press coverage of Level 1 asteroids, a rewording of the Torino scale was published in 2005, adding more details and renaming the categories: in particular, Level 1 was changed from "Events meriting careful monitoring" to "Normal".

The Torino scale has served as the model for the [[Rio scale]], which quantifies the validity and societal impact of [[SETI]] data.<ref name="Rio scale">{{cite web | url=http://avsport.org/IAA/rioscale.htm | title=The Rio Scale | publisher=International Academy of Astronautics | access-date=August 29, 2016 | archive-date=September 2, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902040412/http://avsport.org/IAA/riocalc.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref>