Editing Tone (linguistics) (section)

===Phonation===
In a number of East Asian languages, tonal differences are closely intertwined with [[phonation]] differences. In [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], for example, the {{lang|vi|ngã}} and {{lang|vi|sắc}} tones are both high-rising but the former is distinguished by having [[glottalization]] in the middle. Similarly, the {{lang|vi|nặng}} and {{lang|vi|huyền}} tones are both low-falling, but the {{lang|vi|nặng}} tone is shorter and pronounced with [[creaky voice]] at the end, while the {{lang|vi|huyền}} tone is longer and often has [[breathy voice]]. In some languages, such as [[Burmese language|Burmese]], pitch and phonation are so closely intertwined that the two are combined in a single phonological system, where neither can be considered without the other. The distinctions of such systems are termed ''[[register (phonology)|registers]]''. The ''tone register'' here should not be confused with ''register tone'' described in the next section.

====Phonation type====
Gordon and Ladefoged established a continuum of phonation, where several types can be identified.<ref name="Gordon Ladefoged 2001 pp. 383–406">{{cite journal | last1=Gordon | first1=Matthew | last2=Ladefoged | first2=Peter | title=Phonation types: a cross-linguistic overview | journal=Journal of Phonetics | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=29 | issue=4 | year=2001 | issn=0095-4470 | doi=10.1006/jpho.2001.0147 | pages=383–406}}</ref>

====Relationship with tone====
Kuang identified two types of phonation: '''pitch-dependent''' and '''pitch-independent'''.<ref name="Kuang2013">Kuang, J.-J. (2013). ''Phonation in Tonal Contrasts (Doctoral dissertation)''. University of California, Los Angeles.</ref> Contrast of tones has long been thought of as differences in pitch height. However, several studies pointed out that tone is actually multidimensional. Contour, duration, and phonation may all contribute to the differentiation of tones. Investigations from the 2010s using perceptual experiments seem to suggest phonation counts as a perceptual cue.<ref name="Kuang2013" /><ref>{{Cite conference| conference = Tonal Aspects of Languages-Third International Symposium| last1 = Xu| first1 = Xiaoying| last2 = Liu| first2 = Xuefei| last3 = Tao| first3 = Jianhua| last4 = Che| first4 = Hao| title = Pitch and Phonation Type Perception in Wenzhou Dialect Tone| date = 2012}}</ref><ref name="Yu Lam 2014 pp. 1320–1333">{{cite journal | last1=Yu | first1=Kristine M. | last2=Lam | first2=Hiu Wai | title=The role of creaky voice in Cantonese tonal perception | journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | publisher=Acoustical Society of America (ASA) | volume=136 | issue=3 | year=2014 | issn=0001-4966 | doi=10.1121/1.4887462 | pages=1320–1333| pmid=25190405 | bibcode=2014ASAJ..136.1320Y | doi-access=free }}</ref>