Editing Tommy Dorsey (section)

==Band==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Frank Sinatra Tommy Dorsey 1941 RCA.jpg|thumb|Tommy Dorsey and Frank Sinatra, RCA Victor Studios, 1941]] -->
In 2009, [[Buddy De Franco]] recalled recording "Opus One" with Dorsey in the 1940s, commenting on Dorsey's desire to be precise and exact.<ref name="Myers1">{{cite web |last1=Myers |first1=Marc |title=Interview: Buddy De Franco, Opus 1 - JazzWax |url=https://www.jazzwax.com/2009/07/interview-buddy-de-franco-opus-1.html |website=www.jazzwax.com |access-date=March 18, 2020 |date=July 9, 2009}}</ref> Expanding on De Franco's opinions about Dorsey, writer Peter Levinson said, "He wanted things to be done his way."<ref name="levinson">{{cite web |title=Peter Levinson, author of Tommy Dorsey: Livin' in a Great Big Way |url=http://jerryjazzmusician.com/2005/11/peter-levinson-author-of-tommy-dorsey-livin-in-a-great-big-way/ |website=Jerry Jazz Musician |access-date=March 18, 2020 |date=November 6, 2005}}</ref>

The band was popular almost from the moment it signed with RCA Victor for "On Treasure Island", the first of four hits in 1935. After his 1935 recording, however, Dorsey's manager dropped the "hot jazz" that Dorsey had mixed with his own lyrical style, and instead had Dorsey play pop and vocal tunes. Dorsey kept his Clambake Seven as a Dixieland group that played during performances.<ref name="jazz.com"/> Dorsey became the co-host of ''The Raleigh-Kool Program'' on the radio with comedian Jack Pearl, then became the host.<ref name="host">{{cite web |title=Tommy Dorsey |url=http://www.radiohalloffame.com/tommy-dorsey |website=Radio Hall of Fame |access-date=March 18, 2020}}</ref>

By 1939, Dorsey was aware of criticism that his band lacked a jazz feeling. He hired arranger [[Sy Oliver]] away from the [[Jimmie Lunceford]] band.<ref>"Jazz Wax"</ref><ref>"When I moved from the Lunceford band to Tommy Dorsey, I didn't change my writing approach. He made the transition. The band that Dorsey had when I joined him was Dixieland-orientated {{sic}}, and my sort of attack was foreign to most of the fellows he had. We both knew that to be the case, but he wanted a Swing band—so he changed personnel until he got the guys that could do it." Sy Oliver. see {{cite web |url=http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/SyOliver_1.htm |title=THE SY OLIVER STORY Part 1 |access-date=October 20, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309060138/http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/SyOliver_1.htm |archive-date=March 9, 2009 }}</ref> Sy Oliver's arrangements include "[[On the Sunny Side of the Street]]" and "T.D.'s Boogie Woogie"; Oliver also composed two of the new band's signature instrumentals, "Well, Git It" and "[[Opus No. 1|Opus One]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/SyOliver_1.htm |title=The Sy Oliver Story, Part 1 |publisher=Les Tomkins |year=1974 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309060138/http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/SyOliver_1.htm |archive-date =March 9, 2009 }}</ref> In 1940, Dorsey hired singer [[Frank Sinatra]] from bandleader [[Harry James]].<ref name=pc1a>{{Pop Chronicles 40s|1|A}}</ref> Sinatra made eighty recordings from 1940 to 1942 with the Dorsey band.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=showIndividual&entity_id=3804&source_type=A|title=The Kennedy Center Biography of Frank Sinatra |publisher=The Kennedy Center|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206151943/http://www.kennedy-center.org/calendar/index.cfm?fuseaction=showIndividual&entitY_id=3804&source_type=A|archive-date=December 6, 2008}}</ref> Two of those eighty songs are "[[In the Blue of Evening]]"<ref name=pc1a/> and "[[This Love of Mine]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sinatraguide.com/rca-albums.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715210214/http://sinatraguide.com/rca-albums.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 15, 2012|title= Sinatra The Complete Guide|publisher=Brett Wheadon|year=1986 }}</ref> Sinatra achieved his first great success as a vocalist in the Dorsey band and claimed he learned breath control from watching Dorsey play trombone.<ref name="auto"/> Sy Oliver and Sinatra did a posthumous tribute album to Dorsey on Sinatra's Reprise records. ''[[I Remember Tommy]]'' appeared in 1961.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/album/frank-sinatra/i-remember-tommy/143607/review#/album/frank-sinatra/i-remember-tommy/143607/review|title=I Remember Tommy Album Reviews &#124; Billboard.com|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=November 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110173147/http://www.billboard.com/album/frank-sinatra/i-remember-tommy/143607/review#/album/frank-sinatra/i-remember-tommy/143607/review|access-date=July 26, 2021|archive-date=November 10, 2010}}</ref> Dorsey said his trombone style was heavily influenced by [[Jack Teagarden]].<ref name="Wilken">{{cite web |last1=Wilken |first1=David |title=The Historical Evolution of the Jazz Trombone: Part Two |url=http://trombone.org/articles/library/evojazz2.asp |website=trombone.org |access-date=August 31, 2018 |quote=Teagarden's technique had an enormous influence on trombonists after him. Tommy Dorsey, who was to become one of the most popular trombonists of the swing era, so respected Teagarden's playing that he refused to play a solo while Teagarden was in the same room. |archive-date=August 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831035502/http://trombone.org/articles/library/evojazz2.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Among Dorsey's staff of arrangers was [[Axel Stordahl]]<ref>Simon Says p. 297</ref><ref name="levinson" /> who arranged for Sinatra in his [[Columbia Records|Columbia]] and [[Capitol Records|Capitol]] years. Another member of the Dorsey band was trombonist [[Nelson Riddle]], who later had a partnership as one of Sinatra's arrangers and conductors in the 1950s and afterwards.<ref>"Yes, the musical discipline of Tommy Dorsey, that was such an ingredient of everything he did, was something that Nelson grabbed on to. As an arranger, Dorsey knew what he wanted and Nelson had to deliver a high standard of arranging. As Bill Finegan pointed out to me, playing all of those Sy Oliver charts gave Riddle the sense of how to write very dynamic arrangements, which he did about ten years later for Sinatra."</ref><ref name="levinson" /> Another noted Dorsey arranger, who, in the 1950s, married and was professionally associated with Dorsey veteran [[Jo Stafford]], was [[Paul Weston]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://web.cfa.arizona.edu/westonstafford/Jo/Biography/index.html|title=Jo Stafford Biography|publisher=The University of Arizona College of Fine Art School of Music |access-date=October 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406194806/http://web.cfa.arizona.edu/westonstafford/Jo/Biography/index.html|archive-date=April 6, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Bill Finegan]], an arranger who left Glenn Miller's civilian band, arranged for the Tommy Dorsey band from 1942 to 1950.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://jazz.com/music/2009/1/25/tommy-dorsey-lonesome-road |title=Tommy Dorsey: Lonesome Road|publisher=Jazz.com|date=c. 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211130717/http://jazz.com/music/2009/1/25/tommy-dorsey-lonesome-road |archive-date=February 11, 2010}}</ref>

The band featured a number of instrumentalists, singers, and arrangers in the 1930s and '40s, including trumpeters [[Zeke Zarchy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-zeke-zarchy17-2009apr17,0,2295015.story |title=Ruben 'Zeke' Zarchy: Big Band Trumpeter|work=Los Angeles Times |date= April 17, 2009 | first=Jon | last=Thurber | access-date=May 25, 2010 }}</ref> [[Bunny Berigan]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.austinchronicle.com/gyrobase/Issue/review?oid=oid%3A317519|author=Harvey Pekar|title=Tommy Dorsey - The Sentimental Gentleman of Swing |date= December 9, 2005}}</ref> [[Ziggy Elman]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.oh.us/wmv_news/jazz117.htm|title= Jazzed In Cleveland Part 117 Tommy Dorsey's Dance Caravan |publisher=Joe Mosbrook|year=2007 }}</ref><ref name="Popa">{{cite web |last1=Popa |first1=Christopher |title=Big Band Library: Ziggy Elman: "Fralich in Swing" |url=http://www.bigbandlibrary.com/ziggyelman.html |website=Bigbandlibrary.com |access-date=August 31, 2018|quote=Elman played a month with violinist Joe Venuti's band, then joined Tommy Dorsey's orchestra in August [1940], at a salary of $500 a week; other players might have been getting, say, $100. But he also had some extra responsibility, and became Tommy's right-hand man, acting as 'straw-boss', conducting rehearsals, filling in as director when Dorsey was momentarily off the bandstand during the course of a night, or, just for fun, when Tommy would play trumpet and Elman would play trombone.}}</ref> [[Doc Severinsen]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spaceagepop.com/severins.htm|title=Space Age Pop Doc Severinson| publisher=Spaceagepop |year=2008}}</ref> and [[Charlie Shavers]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.swingmusic.net/Tommy_Dorsey_Biography.html |title=Legends of Big Band History |publisher=Swingmusic.net |date=2004–2007 |archive-date=July 24, 2011 |access-date=October 21, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724091453/http://www.swingmusic.net/Tommy_Dorsey_Biography.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> pianists [[Milt Raskin]], [[Jess Stacy]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries--jess-stacy-1566532.html |title=Obituaries: Jess Stacy|publisher=Independent News and Media |date=January 4, 1995 | location=London | access-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> clarinetists [[Buddy DeFranco]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.buddydefranco.com/bio.html|title=Buddy's Bio|work=BuddyDeFranco.com}}</ref> [[Johnny Mince]],<ref name=autogenerated1>Harvey Pekar</ref> and [[Peanuts Hucko]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peanuts-hucko-548303.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624104246/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peanuts-hucko-548303.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 24, 2010|title=Peanuts Hucko|publisher=Independent News and Media Limited | location=London | date=June 21, 2003 | access-date=May 25, 2010}}</ref> Others who played with Dorsey were drummers [[Buddy Rich]],<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Buddy_Rich.html |title= Buddy Rich |publisher= Drummerworld |date= n.d.}}</ref> [[Louie Bellson]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jazzwax.com/2009/02/louie-bellson-19242009.html|title=Louie Bellson 1924-2009 |publisher=Jazzwax|year=2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709080804/http://www.jazzwax.com/2009/02/louie-bellson-19242009.html |archive-date=July 9, 2009}}</ref> [[Dave Tough]]<ref name=autogenerated1 /> saxophonist [[Tommy Reed]], and singers Sinatra, [[Ken Curtis]], Jack Leonard,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.parabrisas.com/d_leonardj.php |title=Solid! Jack Leonard|publisher=Parabrisas|date=1996–2005|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091222142800/http://www.parabrisas.com/d_leonardj.php|archive-date=December 22, 2009}}</ref> [[Edythe Wright]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.swingmusic.net/Tommy_Dorsey_Biography.html|title=Legends of Big Band Music History Tommy Dorsey|publisher=Swingmusic.net|date=2004–2007|archive-date=July 24, 2011|access-date=October 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724091453/http://www.swingmusic.net/Tommy_Dorsey_Biography.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Jo Stafford]] with [[the Pied Pipers]], [[Dick Haymes]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.parabrisas.com/d_haymesd.php |title=Solid! Dick Haymes |publisher=Parabrisas |date=1996–2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203061033/http://www.parabrisas.com/d_haymesd.php |archive-date=February 3, 2009 }}</ref> and [[Connie Haines]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/obituaries/connie-haines-1490377.html|title=Connie Haines: Performer who sang with Sinatra and Tommy Dorsey Band |publisher=Independent News and Media |date=October 5, 2008}}</ref>

In 1944, Dorsey hired [[the Sentimentalists]], name with which he renamed the already known vocal band The Clark Sisters asking them not to reveal their identity. They replaced the Pied Pipers.<ref>Levinson 174–175</ref> Dorsey also performed with singer [[Connee Boswell]]<ref name=autogenerated1 /> He hired ex-bandleader and drummer [[Gene Krupa]] after Krupa's arrest for marijuana possession in 1943.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.drummerman.net/biography.html |title= Biography [Gene Krupa]|publisher=Shawn C. Martin|date=1997–2001 }}</ref> In 1942, [[Artie Shaw]] broke up his band, and Dorsey hired the Shaw string section. As [[George T. Simon]] in ''[[Metronome (magazine)|Metronome]]'' magazine observed at the time: "They're used in the foreground and background (note some of the lovely obbligatos) for vocal effects and for Tommy's trombone."<ref>{{cite book |title=Simons Says: The Sights and Sounds of the Big Band Era |last=Simon |first=George |year=1971 |publisher=Arlington House |location=New Rochelle, NY |isbn=978-0-88365-001-1 |page=192}}</ref>

Dorsey made further business decisions in the music industry. He loaned money to [[Glenn Miller]] enabling him to launch his band of 1938,<ref>{{cite book |title=Glenn Miller and His Orchestra |last=Simon |first=George |year=1980 |publisher=DaCapo |location=New York |isbn=978-0-306-80129-7 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DvLC5_RJS0MC&q=Glenn+Miller+and+His+ORchestra }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> but Dorsey saw the loan as an investment, entitling him to a percentage of Miller's income. When Miller balked at this, the angry Dorsey got even by sponsoring a new band led by [[Bob Chester]], and hiring arrangers who deliberately copied Miller's style and sound. Dorsey branched out in the mid-1940s and owned two music publishing companies, Sun and Embassy.<ref name=autogenerated2>Dorsey, Thomas Francis Jr.</ref> After opening at the Los Angeles ballroom, the [[Hollywood Palladium]] on the Palladium's first night, Dorsey's relations with the ballroom soured and he opened a competing ballroom, the Casino Gardens circa 1944.<ref name=autogenerated2 /> Dorsey also owned for a short time a trade magazine called ''The Bandstand''.<ref name=autogenerated2 />

Tommy Dorsey disbanded his own orchestra at the end of 1946. Dorsey might have broken up his own band permanently following [[World War II]], as many big bands did due to the shift in music economics following the war, but Tommy Dorsey's album for [[RCA Victor]], "All Time Hits" placed in the top ten records in February 1947. In addition, "[[How Are Things in Glocca Morra?]]", a single recorded by Dorsey, became a top-ten hit in March 1947. As a result, Dorsey was able to re-organize a big band in early 1947. The Dorsey brothers were also reconciling. The biographical film ''[[The Fabulous Dorseys]]'' (1947) describes sketchy details of how the brothers got their start from-the-bottom-up into the jazz era of one-nighters, the early days of radio in its infancy stages, and the onward march when both brothers ended up with Paul Whiteman before 1935 when The Dorsey Brothers' Orchestra split into two.

In the early 1950s, Tommy Dorsey moved from RCA Victor back to Decca.<ref name=autogenerated3>"Tommy Dorsey" Billboard</ref> He was promised $2,000 if he switched to their label. However, he was reported to have collected $2,500 instead.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Leo|title=The Wonderful Era of the Great Dance Bands|url=https://archive.org/details/wonderfuleraofgreat00walk|url-access=registration|publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]]|year=1972|location=[[Garden City, New York]]|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wonderfuleraofgreat00walk/page/153 153]}}</ref>

Jimmy Dorsey broke up his big band in 1953. Tommy invited him to join as a feature attraction. In 1953, the Dorseys focused their attention on television. On December 26, 1953, the brothers appeared with their orchestra on [[Jackie Gleason]]'s [[CBS]] television show, which was preserved on [[kinescope]] and later released on home video by Gleason. The brothers took the unit on tour and onto their own television show, ''[[Stage Show (TV series)|Stage Show]]'', from 1954 to 1956. In January 1956, The Dorseys made rock music history introducing [[Elvis Presley]] on his national television debut. Presley, then a regional country singer, made six guest appearances on ''Stage Show'' promoting his first releases for RCA Victor several months before his more familiar visits to the [[Milton Berle]], [[Steve Allen]], and [[Ed Sullivan]] variety programs.<ref name="scotty">{{cite web |title=Scotty Moore - CBS Studio 50 Ed Sullivan Theater |url=http://www.scottymoore.net/studio50.html |website=Scottymoore.net |access-date=August 31, 2018}}</ref>