Editing Tomáš Masaryk (section)

==Education==
After grammar school in [[Brno]] and [[Vienna]] from 1865<ref>{{citation |language = cs|title = Brno, Studium na gymnáziu, návštěvy města|url = http://tg-masaryk.cz/mapa/index.jsp?id=43&misto=Studium-na-gymnaziu,-navstevy-mesta|publisher = Masarykův ústav a Archiv AV ČR|access-date = March 2, 2019}}</ref> to 1872, Masaryk attended the [[University of Vienna]] and was a student of [[Franz Brentano]].<ref name=routledge>Zumr, Joseph. 1998. "Masaryk, Tomáš Garrigue (1850–1937)". pp. 165–66 in the ''Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', ed. Edward Craig. London: Routledge.</ref> He received his Ph.D. from the university in 1876 and completed his [[habilitation]] thesis, ''Der Selbstmord als soziale Massenerscheinung der modernen Civilisation'' (''Suicide as a Social Mass Phenomenon of Modern Civilization''), there in 1879.<ref name=routledge /> From 1876 to 1879, Masaryk studied in [[Leipzig]] with [[Wilhelm Wundt]] and [[Edmund Husserl]].<ref>Čapek, Karel. 1995 [1935–1938]. Talks with T.G. Masaryk, tr. [[Michael Henry Heim]]. North Haven, CT: Catbird Press, p. 33</ref> He married [[Charlotte Garrigue]], whom he had met while a student in Leipzig, on 15 March 1878. They lived in Vienna until 1881, when they moved to [[Prague]].

Masaryk was appointed professor of philosophy at the Czech Charles-Ferdinand University, [[Charles University#Split into Czech and German universities|the Czech-language part]] of [[Charles University]], in 1882. He founded ''[[Athenaeum (Czech magazine)|Athenaeum]]'', a magazine devoted to Czech culture and science, the following year.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lepka |first=Karel |date=2015 |title=Mathematics in T. G. Masaryk journal Athenaeum |location=Copenhagen |publisher=Danish school of education |pages=749–59 |isbn=978-87-7684-737-1}}</ref> ''Athenaeum'', edited by Jan Otto, was first published on 15 October 1883.

Masaryk's students included [[Edvard Beneš|Edward Benes]] and Emanuel Chalupny.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Skola |first=J. |date=1922 |title=Czech Sociology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2764647 |journal=American Journal of Sociology |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=76–78 |doi=10.1086/213427 |jstor=2764647 |issn=0002-9602}}</ref>
[[File:Alte universitaet cossa.jpg|thumb|[[Portico]] of the [[University of Vienna]] [[w:de:Neue Aula (Wien)|building]] where Masaryk studied philosophy.|225px]]
Masaryk challenged the validity of the epic poems ''[[Manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and Zelená Hora|Rukopisy královedvorský a zelenohorský]]'', supposedly dating to the early [[Middle Ages]] and presenting a false, nationalistic Czech [[chauvinism]] to which he was strongly opposed. He also contested the Jewish [[blood libel]] during the 1899 [[Hilsner Affair|Hilsner trial]].<ref>Wein, Martin. 2015. History of the Jews in the Bohemian Lands. Leiden: Brill, pp. 40-43, including Hilsner's biography [https://books.google.com/books?id=wai8CgAAQBAJ&q=brill+wein+bohemian+lands Table of Contents]</ref>

Masaryk was greatly influenced by the 19th-century cult of science.{{sfn|Orzoff|2009|p=30}} The 19th century was an age of tremendous scientific and technological advances, and as such scientists enjoyed immense prestige. Masaryk believed that social problems and political conflicts were the results of ignorance, and that provided that one undertook a proper "scientific" approach to studying the underlying causes it would be possible to devise the correct solutions.{{sfn|Orzoff|2009|p=30}} As such, Masaryk saw his role as an educator who would enlighten the public from its ignorance and apathy.{{sfn|Orzoff|2009|p=30}}