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=== Tumorigenic agents === {{Main|List of cigarette smoke carcinogens}} {| class="wikitable" |+ '''Tumorigenic agents in tobacco and tobacco smoke''' |- ! rowspan="2" | Compounds ! rowspan="2" | In processed tobacco, per gram ! rowspan="2" | In mainstream smoke, per cigarette ! colspan="2" | IARC evaluation of evidence of carcinogenicity |- ! In laboratory animals ! In humans |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]s''' |- | [[Benz(a)anthracene]] | | 20β70 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Benzo(b)fluoranthene]] | | 4β22 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Benzo(j)fluoranthene]] | | 6β21 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Benzo(k)fluoranthene]] | | 6β12 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Benzo(a)pyrene]] | 0.1β90 ng | 20β40 ng | sufficient | probable |- | [[Chrysene]] | | 40β60 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Dibenz(a,h)anthracene]] | | 4 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Dibenzo(a,i)pyrene]] | | 1.7β3.2 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene]] | | present | sufficient | |- | [[Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene]] | | 4β20 ng | sufficient | |- | [[5-Methylchrysene]] | | 0.6 ng | sufficient | |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Aza-arene]]s''' |- | [[Quinoline]] | 1β2 ΞΌg | | | |- | [[Dibenz(a,h)acridine]] | | 0.1 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Dibenz(a,j)acridine]] | | 3β10 ng | sufficient | |- | [[7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole]] | | 0.7 ng | sufficient | |- | colspan="5" | '''[[N-Nitrosamine]]s''' |- | [[N-Nitrosodimethylamine]] | 0β215 ng | 0.1β180 ng | sufficient | |- | [[N-Nitrosoethylmethylamine]] | | 3β13 ng | sufficient | |- | [[N-Nitrosodiethylamine]] | | 0β25 ng | sufficient | |- | [[N-Nitrosonornicotine]] | 0.3β89 ΞΌg | 0.12β3.7 ΞΌg | sufficient | |- | [[NNK|4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]] | 0.2β7 ΞΌg | 0.08β0.77 ΞΌg | sufficient | |- | [[N-Nitrosoanabasine]] | 0.01β1.9 ΞΌg | 0.14β4.6 ΞΌg | limited | |- | [[N-Nitrosomorpholine]] | 0β690 ng | | sufficient | |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Aromatic amine]]s''' |- | [[2-Toluidine]] | | 30β200 ng | sufficient | inadequate |- | [[2-Naphthylamine]] | | 1β22 ng | sufficient | sufficient |- | [[4-Aminobiphenyl]] | | 2β5 ng | sufficient | sufficient |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Aldehyde]]s''' |- | [[Formaldehyde]] | 1.6β7.4 ΞΌg | 70β100 ΞΌg | sufficient | |- | [[Acetaldehyde]] | 1.4β7.4 ΞΌg | 18β1400 ΞΌg | sufficient | |- | [[Crotonaldehyde]] | 0.2β2.4 ΞΌg | 10β20 ΞΌg | | |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Volatile organic compound|Miscellaneous organic compound]]s''' |- | [[Benzene]] | | 12β48 ΞΌg | sufficient | sufficient |- | [[Acrylonitrile]] | | 3.2β15 ΞΌg | sufficient | limited |- | [[1,1-Dimethylhydrazine]] | 60β147 ΞΌg | | sufficient | |- | [[2-Nitropropane]] | | 0.73β1.21 ΞΌg | sufficient | |- | [[Ethyl carbamate]] | 310β375 ng | 20β38 ng | sufficient | |- | [[Vinyl chloride]] | | 1β16 ng | sufficient | sufficient |- | colspan="5" | '''[[Inorganic compound]]s''' |- | [[Hydrazine]] | 14β51 ng | 24β43 ng | sufficient | inadequate |- | [[Arsenic]] | 500β900 ng | 40β120 ng | inadequate | sufficient |- | [[Nickel]] | 2000β6000 ng | 0β600 ng | sufficient | limited |- | [[Chromium]] | 1000β2000 ng | 4β70 ng | sufficient | sufficient |- | [[Cadmium]] | 1300β1600 ng | 41β62 ng | sufficient | limited |- | [[Lead]] | 8β10 ΞΌg | 35β85 ng | sufficient | inadequate |- | [[Polonium-210]] | 0.2β1.2 pCi | 0.03β1.0 pCi | sufficient | sufficient |}
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