Editing Tivoli, Lazio (section)

===Roman age===

At first an independent ally of [[History of Rome|Rome]], Tibur allied itself with the [[Gauls]] in 361 BC. Vestiges remain of its defensive walls of this period, in ''opus quadratum''. In 338 BC, however, Tibur was defeated and absorbed by the Romans. The city acquired Roman citizenship in 90 BC and became a resort area famed for its beauty and its good water, and was enriched by many [[Roman villa]]s. The most famous one, of which the ruins remain, is the ''Villa Adriana'' ([[Hadrian's Villa]]). [[Maecenas]] and [[Augustus]] also had villas at Tibur, and the poet [[Horace]] had a modest villa: he and [[Catullus]] and [[Statius]] all mention Tibur in their poems.  In 273, [[Zenobia]], the captive queen of [[Palmyra]], was assigned a residence here by the Emperor [[Aurelian]]. The second-century temple of Hercules Victor is being excavated. The present Piazza del Duomo occupies the Roman forum.

In 547, in the course of the [[Gothic War (535–552)|Gothic War]], the city was fortified by the Byzantine general [[Belisarius]], but was later destroyed by [[Totila]]'s army. After the end of the war it became a Byzantine duchy, later absorbed into the [[Papal States|Patrimony of St. Peter]]. After Italy was conquered by [[Charlemagne]], Tivoli was under the authority of a count, representing the emperor.

====Roman gentes with origins in Tibur====

* [[Coponia (gens)]]
* [[Cossinia (gens)]]
* [[Rabiria gens]]
* [[Rubellia gens]]