Editing Tilting train (section)

=== {{anchor|HighSpeed}} High-speed trains ===

{{see also|High-speed rail}}

[[File:Shinkansen N700 z15.jpg|thumb|The JR N700 Series Shinkansen, the first tilting train on Japan's high speed network]]

A ''high-speed tilting train'' is a tilting train that operates at high speed, typically defined as by the [[European Union]] to include {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} for upgraded track and {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} or faster for new track.<ref name="GeneralDefinition-EU">{{cite web |publisher=[[International Union of Railways]] |url=http://www.uic.org/spip.php?article971 |title=General definitions of highspeed |access-date=13 May 2009}}</ref>

Tilting trains operating at {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} or more on upgraded track include the [[Acela]] in the US,<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2021/06/03/amtrak-acela-new-trains/ |title = Debut of Amtrak's new Acela trains delayed a year by new round of testing |newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] |last=Lazo |first=Luz |publication-place=[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] |date = 3 June 2021}}</ref> the [[X 2000]] in Sweden,<ref>{{citation |title=The X2 Tilt Train |last=Beckhaus |first=John |work=[[Australian Railway History|Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin]] |date=January 1995 |pages=15–17}}</ref> the [[British Rail Class 390|Pendolinos]] and [[British Rail Class 221|Super Voyagers]] in the United Kingdom,<ref name = "samath"/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_220_221.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071027164919/http://www.therailwaycentre.com/New%20DMU%20Tech%20Data%20/DMU_220_221.html |url-status = usurped |archive-date = 27 October 2007 |title = Class 221 data |date = 2 June 2008 |publisher = The Railway Centre}}</ref> and the [[ICE TD]] in Germany (the latter two being diesel powered).<ref name="HGZICTD">{{cite web |url=http://www.hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/germany/index_ice_td.htm |title=ICE-TD |publisher=hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com |language=de |access-date=19 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119082505/http://hochgeschwindigkeitszuege.com/germany/index_ice_td.htm |archive-date=19 January 2009 }}</ref>

Some older high-speed lines were built for lower line speeds (≤&nbsp;{{convert|230|km/h|0|abbr=on}}); newer tilting trainsets can maintain higher speeds on them.  For example, the Japanese [[N700 Series Shinkansen]] may tilt up to one degree on the [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]], allowing the trains to maintain {{convert|270|km/h|0|abbr=on}} even on {{convert|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}} radius curves that previously had a maximum speed of {{convert|255|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>[[Japan Railfan Magazine]], December 2008. issue: "山陽・九州新幹線直通用車両 量産先行車", pp. 64-67.</ref><ref name="railfan556">{{cite magazine |title = N700系量産車|trans-title=N700 series production trains |magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]] |issue = 556 |pages =13–20 |publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location = Japan |language= ja |date = August 2007}}</ref>

Many high-speed trainsets are designed to operate on purpose-built high-speed lines and then continue their journeys on legacy lines, upgraded or not. Where the legacy lines justify it, a tilting train may operate at higher speeds on the latter, even if below the normal {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} threshold, whilst operating at {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} or faster, usually with tilt disabled, on the high speed lines.