Editing Thurii (section)

=== Foundation ===
Thurii was founded as a colony of [[Athens]] along with exiles from [[Sybaris]] in 443 BC.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0006:alphabetic+letter=T:entry+group=4:entry=thurii The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites-THURII ]</ref> [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] writes that people say that the city of Thurii was built by [[Philoctetes]] and his monument is seen there even to his days, as well as the arrows of [[Hercules]] which laid up in the temple of [[Apollo]].<ref>[https://topostext.org/work/226#20.1 Justin, History of the World, 20.1]</ref> The site of that city had remained desolate for a period of 58 years after its destruction by the [[Crotona|Crotoniats]]; when at length, in 452 BC, a number of the Sybarite exiles and their descendants made an attempt to establish themselves again on the spot, under the guidance of some leaders of [[Thessaly|Thessalian]] origin; and the new colony rose so rapidly to prosperity that it excited the jealousy of the Crotoniats, who, in consequence, expelled the new settlers a little more than 5 years after the establishment of the colony.<ref>[[Diodorus|Diod.]] xi. 90, xii. 10.</ref> The fugitive Sybarites first appealed for support to [[Sparta]], but without success: their application to the [[Athens|Athenians]] was more successful, and that people determined to send out a fresh colony, at the same time that they reinstated the settlers who had been lately expelled from thence. A body of Athenian colonists was accordingly sent out by [[Pericles]], under the command of [[Lampon]] and [[Xenocritus]]. Pericles' expressed intent was for it to be a Panhellenic colony,<ref name="Pomeroy 2008 275">{{cite book |last1=Pomeroy |first1=Sarah |author-link=Sarah B. Pomeroy |first2=Stanley |last2=Burstein |first3=Walter |last3=Donlan |first4=Jennifer |last4=Roberts |title=Ancient Greece: A Political, Social, and Cultural History |location=New York, Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2008 |page=275 |isbn=978-0-19-530800-6 |edition=second }}</ref> and the number of Athenian citizens was small, the greater part of those who took part in the colony being collected from various parts of [[Greece]]. Among them were two celebrated names: [[Herodotus]] the historian, and the orator [[Lysias]], both of whom appear to have formed part of the original colony.<ref>Diod. xii. 10; [[Strabo]] vi. p. 263; Dionys. Lys. p. 453; Vit. X. Orat. p. 835; [[Plutarch]] ''Peric.'' 11, Nic. 5.</ref> [[Hippodamus]] also went out with the colonists and became the architect of the new city.<ref>William Smith, ''A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', ''s.v.'' Hippodamus.</ref>

The laws of the new colony were established by the sophist [[Protagoras]] at the request of Pericles,<ref>Barrett, Harold. ''The Sophists'' (Novato, California: Chandler & Sharp Publishers, INC, 1987), 10.</ref> adopting the laws of [[Zaleucus]] of [[Locri]].<ref name="Pomeroy 2008 275"/>

The new colonists at first established themselves on the site of the deserted Sybaris, but shortly afterwards removed (apparently in obedience to an oracle) to a spot at a short distance from thence, where there was a fountain named "Thuria", from whence the new city derived its name of Thurii.<ref>Diod. ''l. c.''; Strabo ''l. c.''</ref> The foundation of Thurii is assigned by Diodorus to the year 446 BC; but other authorities place it three years later, 443 BC, and this seems to be the best authenticated date.<ref>[[Henry Fynes Clinton|H. F. Clinton]], Fasti Hellenici. Vol. ii. p. 54.</ref> The protection of the Athenian name probably secured the rising colony from the assaults of the Crotoniats, at least nothing is heard of any obstacles to its progress from that quarter; but it was early disturbed by dissensions between the descendants of the original Sybarite settlers and the new colonists, the former laying claim not only to honorary distinctions, but to the exclusive possession of important political privileges. These disputes at length ended in a revolution, and the Sybarites were finally expelled from the city. They established themselves for a short time in [[Sybaris on the Traeis]] but did not maintain their footing long, being dislodged and finally dispersed by the neighboring barbarians.<ref>Diod. xii. 11, 22; Arist. Pol. v. 3.</ref> The Thurians meanwhile concluded a treaty of peace with Crotona, and the new city rose rapidly to prosperity. Fresh colonists poured in from all quarters, especially the [[Peloponnese]]; and though it continued to be generally regarded as an Athenian colony, the Athenians in fact formed but a small element of the population. The citizens were divided, as we learn from Diodorus, into ten tribes, the names of which sufficiently indicate their origin. They were: the Arcadian (from [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]]), Achaean (from [[Achaea]]), Elean (from [[Velia|Elea]]), Boeotian (from [[Boeotia]]), Amphictyonic (from [[Amphictyonis]]), Dorian (from [[Doris (Greece)|Doris]]), Ionian (from [[Ionia]]), Athenian (from [[Athens]]), Euboean (from [[Euboea]]), and Nesiotic (from the islands).<ref>Diod. xii. 11.</ref> The form of government was democratic, and the city is said to have enjoyed the advantage of a well-ordered system of laws; but the statement of Diodorus, who represents this as owing to the legislation of [[Charondas]], and that lawgiver himself as a citizen of Thurii, is certainly erroneous. The city itself was laid out with great regularity, being divided by four broad streets or plateae, each of which was crossed in like manner by three others.<ref>Diod. xii. 10.</ref>