Editing Thomas R. Marshall (section)

===Family and background===
Marshall's paternal grandfather, Riley Marshall, immigrated to Indiana in 1817 and settled on a farm in present-day [[Whitley County, Indiana|Whitley County]].{{efn|According to a book published in 1930, Riley Marshall was the nephew of [[Chief Justice of the United States]] [[John Marshall]]. However, this fact is not mentioned in other Marshall biographies. ({{harvnb|Federal Writers' Project|1930|p=130}}.)}} He became wealthy when a moderate deposit of oil and natural gas was discovered on his farm; when he sold the property in 1827 it earned $25,000,<ref name = b2>Bennett 2007, p. 2.</ref> ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|25000|1827|2015}}}} in 2015 [[chained dollars]]. The money allowed him to purchase a modest estate and spend the rest of his life as an active member of the [[Indiana Democratic Party]], serving as an [[Indiana State Senator]], party chairman, and financial contributor. He was also able to send his only child, Daniel, to medical school.<ref name = b2/>

Marshall's mother, Martha Patterson, was orphaned at age thirteen while living in [[Ohio]] and moved to Indiana to live with her sister on a farm near the Marshalls'  home. Martha was known for her wit and humor, as her son later would be.{{efn|An example of Martha's humor: When asked why her family moved to Ohio, she replied that their [[Pennsylvania]] home had only four families and after intermarrying for several generations her parents decided it best to leave the area before their children married their uncle-cousins and had "imbecile children." (Bennett 2007, p. 19.)}} Martha and Daniel met and married in 1848.<ref name = b3>{{harvnb|Bennett|2007|p=3}}</ref>

Thomas Riley Marshall was born in [[North Manchester, Indiana|North Manchester]], Indiana, on March 14, 1854. Two years later, a sister was born, but she died in infancy. Martha had contracted [[tuberculosis]], which Daniel believed to be the cause of their infant daughter's poor health.<ref name = b3/> While Marshall was still a young boy, his family moved several times searching a good climate for Daniel to attempt different "outdoor cures" on Martha.<ref name = g281>Gray 1977, p. 281.</ref> They moved first to [[Quincy, Illinois]] in 1857. While the family was living in Illinois, Daniel Marshall, a supporter of the American Union and a staunch Democrat, took his four-year-old son, Thomas, to the [[Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858|Lincoln and Douglas debate]] in [[Freeport, Illinois|Freeport]] in 1858. Marshall later recalled that during the rally he sat on the laps of [[Stephen Douglas]] and [[Abraham Lincoln]], alternating between the two candidates when they were not speaking, and remembered it as one of his earliest and most cherished memories.<ref name="Bennett 2007, p. 5">{{harvnb|Bennett|2007|p=5}}</ref><ref name = g232>Gugin and St. Clair, eds. 2006, p. 232.</ref>

The family moved to [[Osawatomie, Kansas]], in 1859, but the frontier violence caused them to move to [[Missouri]] in 1860.<ref name =b4>{{harvnb|Bennett|2007|p=4}}</ref> Eventually, Daniel succeeded in curing Martha's disease.<ref name =b4/> As the [[American Civil War]] neared, violence spread into Missouri during the [[Bleeding Kansas]] incidents. In October 1860 several men led by [[Duff Green]] demanded that Daniel Marshall provide medical assistance to the pro-slavery faction,<ref name="Bennett 2007, p. 5"/> but he refused, and the men left. When the Marshalls' neighbors warned that Green was planning to return and murder them, the family quickly packed their belongings and escaped by steamboat to Illinois. The Marshalls remained in Illinois only briefly, before relocating to Indiana, which was even farther from the volatile border region.<ref name = g232/><ref>{{harvnb|Bennett|2007|p=6}}</ref>