Editing Thiamine (section)

==Deficiency==
{{Main|Thiamine deficiency}}
Well-known disorders caused by thiamine deficiency include [[Thiamine deficiency#Dry beriberi|beriberi]], [[Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome]], [[Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy#Nutritional optic neuropathy|optic neuropathy]], [[Leigh syndrome|Leigh's disease]], African seasonal [[ataxia]] (or Nigerian seasonal ataxia), and [[central pontine myelinolysis]].<ref name=whitfield/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Thiamine Deficiency and Associate Clinical Disorders| vauthors = McCandless D |publisher=Humana Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60761-310-7|location=New York, NY|pages=157–9}}</ref> Symptoms include [[malaise]], weight loss, irritability and confusion.<ref name=whitfield/><ref name="Mahan">{{cite book | veditors = Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S |title=Krause's food, nutrition, & diet therapy |edition=10th |location=Philadelphia |publisher=W.B. Saunders Company |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-7216-7904-4 }}</ref><ref name="Combs">{{cite book | vauthors = Combs Jr GF |title=The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health |edition=3rd |location=Ithaca, NY |publisher=Elsevier Academic Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-12-183493-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith TJ, Johnson CR, Koshy R, Hess SY, Qureshi UA, Mynak ML, Fischer PR | title = Thiamine deficiency disorders: a clinical perspective | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1498 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–28 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 33305487 | pmc = 8451766 | doi = 10.1111/nyas.14536 | bibcode = 2021NYASA1498....9S }}</ref>

In Western countries, chronic alcoholism is a risk factor for deficiency.<ref name=ods/><ref name=whitfield/> Also at risk are older adults, persons with [[HIV/AIDS]] or [[diabetes]], and those who have had [[bariatric surgery]].<ref name=ods/><ref name=whitfield/> Varying degrees of thiamine insufficiency have been associated with the long-term use of [[diuretic]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Katta N, Balla S, Alpert MA | title = Does Long-Term Furosemide Therapy Cause Thiamine Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure? A Focused Review | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 129 | issue = 7 | pages = 753.e7–753.e11 | date = July 2016 | pmid = 26899752 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.01.037 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gomes F, Bergeron G, Bourassa MW, Fischer PR | title = Thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcohol consumption in high-income countries: a literature review | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1498 | issue = 1 | pages = 46–56 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 33576090 | doi = 10.1111/nyas.14569 | pmc = 8451800 | bibcode = 2021NYASA1498...46G }}</ref>