Editing Thalamus (section)

=== Thalamic nuclei ===
{{See also|List of thalamic nuclei}}
[[File:Thalamus_medialgroup.jpg|thumb|Medial nuclei of the left thalamus.<br>Key: CeM [[central medial nucleus|Central Medial]]. CL [[central lateral nucleus|Central Lateral]]. CM [[centromedian nucleus|CentroMedian]]. MD [[medial dorsal nucleus|Medial Dorsal]]. MV MedioVentral [[reuniens nucleus|Reuniens]]. Pf [[parafascicular nucleus|Parafascicular]]. (Lateral view shows sagittal section through left thalamus)]]
[[File:Thalamus lateralgroup.jpg|thumb|Lateral nuclei of the left thalamus.<br>Key: VA [[ventral anterior nucleus|Ventral Anterior]]. VL [[ventral lateral nucleus|Ventral Lateral]]. VM [[ventral medial nucleus|Ventral Medial]]. VPI Ventral PosteroInferior. VPL [[ventral posterolateral nucleus|Ventral PosteroLateral]]. VPM [[ventral posteromedial|Ventral PosteroMedial]]. (Medial view shows sagittal section through left thalamus.)]]

The principal subdivision of the thalamus into nucleus groups is the trisection of each thalamus (left and right) by a Y-shaped [[medullary laminae of thalamus|internal medullary lamina]]. This trisection divides each thalamus into [[anterior nuclei of thalamus|anterior]], [[medial nuclear group|medial]] and [[lateral nuclear group|lateral groups]] of nuclei.<ref name="Sheridan2023" /> The medial group is subdivided into the [[medial dorsal nucleus]] and [[midline nuclear group|midline group]]. The lateral group is subdivided into [[ventral nuclear group|ventral]], [[pulvinar nuclei|pulvinar]], [[lateral dorsal nucleus|lateral dorsal]], [[lateral posterior nucleus|lateral posterior]] and metathalamus. The ventral group is further subdivided into [[ventral anterior nucleus|ventral anterior]], [[ventral lateral nucleus|ventral lateral]] and [[ventral posterior nucleus|ventral posterior]].

The interior medullary lamina is subdivided into [[intralaminar thalamic nuclei|intralaminar nuclei]]. Additional structures are the reticular nucleus (which envelops the lateral thalamus), the stratum zonale,<ref name="NN374">[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=374 BrainInfo NeuroName 374]</ref> and the [[interthalamic adhesion]].<ref name="NN301">[http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=301 BrainInfo NeuroName 301]</ref>

Combining these division principles yields the following hierarchy, which is subject to many further subdivisions.<ref name="Braininfo">{{cite web |title=BrainInfo |url=http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/whereisit.aspx?language=0&requestID=ID300&parentID=ID300&originalID=ID300 |website=braininfo.rprc.washington.edu}}</ref>
* anterior group
* medial group
** medial dorsal nucleus
** midline group
* lateral group
** ventral group
*** ventral anterior group
*** ventral lateral group
*** ventral posterior group
** pulvinar group
** lateral dorsal nucleus
** lateral posterior nucleus
** metathalamus
*** lateral geniculate nucleus
*** medial geniculate nucleus
* intralaminar group
* reticular nucleus
* stratum zonale
* interthalamic adhesion

The term "lateral nuclear group" is used with two meanings. It can mean either the complete set of nuclei in the lateral "third" of the trisection by the lamina, or the subset which excludes the ventral group and the geniculate nuclei.<ref>{{cite web |title=MeSH ID D020647 |url=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D020647 |access-date=5 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/whereisit.aspx?language=0&requestID=ID325&parentID=ID325&originalID=ID325 |access-date=5 October 2024 |title=NeuroName 325 hierarchy}}</ref>