Editing Texel (section)

==History==
The [[All Saints' Flood (1170)|All Saints' Flood]] of 1170 created the islands of Texel and [[Wieringen]] from [[North Holland]].<ref name="ley196110">{{Cite magazine
 |last=Ley
 |first=Willy
 |date=October 1961
 |title=The Home-Made Land
 |department=For Your Information
 |url=https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v19n06_1961-08#page/n65/mode/1up
 |magazine=Galaxy Science Fiction
 |pages=92–106
}}</ref> In the 13th century [[Ada, Countess of Holland]] was held prisoner on Texel by her uncle, [[William I, Count of Holland]].{{cn|date=May 2023}}

Texel received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]] in 1415.

The first Dutch expedition to the Northwest Passage departed from the island on 5 June 1594. 

Texel was involved in the [[Battle of Scheveningen]] (1653) during the [[First Anglo-Dutch War]] and the [[Battle of Texel]] (1673) during the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]].

The shallow waters around Texel have been responsible for many [[shipwreck]]s, including in February 1643, the loss of a ship (the 'Palmwood Wreck') containing the household of Queen [[Henrietta Maria of France]].<ref name="u134">{{cite journal | last=Westera | first=Lambert D. | title=The Silk Dress and the Shipwreck: A seventeenth-century wreck near Texel | journal=[[The Mariner's Mirror]] | volume=111 | issue=1 | date=2025-01-02 | issn=0025-3359 | doi=10.1080/00253359.2025.2445922 | pages=22–40 | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2025.2445922 | access-date=2025-04-10}}</ref> Later wrecks included the British ship [[HMS Hero (1803)|HMS Hero]], sunk on the sands off Texel in 1811.<ref name="l640">{{cite book | last=Tracy | first=Nicholas | title=Britannia’s Palette | publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP | publication-place=Montreal | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-7735-3113-0 | page=405}}</ref>
 
[[File:Dutch ships in the roadstead of Texel (the 'Gouden Leeuw' of Cornelis Tromp in the center)(Ludolf Backhuysen, 1671).jpg|thumb|left|Dutch ships in the [[roadstead]] of Texel, 1671]]
[[File:The wreck of HMS Hero in the Texel, 25 December 1811.jpg|thumb|left|HMS ''Hero'' wrecked at Haak Sands near Texel December 25, 1811]]
[[File:DeHors-Texel-SjoerdMartens.jpg|thumb|right|De Hors at [[Dunes of Texel National Park]]]]

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], Texel was used as a port by [[Continental Navy]] officer [[John Paul Jones]] after the [[battle of Flamborough Head]] off the [[Yorkshire]] coast in September 1779. In the battle, Jones captured the [[Royal Navy]] frigate {{HMS|Serapis|1779|2}}, which he sailed to Texel for desperately needed repairs. This event further complicated Anglo-Dutch relations.

In 1797, Texel was involved in the [[Battle of Camperdown]] during the [[French Revolutionary Wars]].

During the [[First World War]] in 1914, the [[Battle off Texel]] took place off the coast of Texel.

On the night of 31 August 1940, the sea to the northwest of Texel was the scene of the sinking of two Royal Navy destroyers and the severe damage of a third by German mines in what is known as the [[Texel Disaster]].

At the end of the [[Second World War]] in 1945, the [[Georgian uprising on Texel]] took place on the island.  Following a German decision to redeploy Georgian soldiers to the mainland, they revolted and killed hundreds of their German comrades while they slept.  The uprising lasted from 5 April 1945 until 20 May 1945, two weeks after [[V-E Day]]. At that point, Canadian troops arrived and arranged for the two sides to separately leave the island. For that reason, the uprising is often referred to as the final battle of the Second World War in Europe.  Hundreds of Georgians who died fighting against the Germans are buried in a special cemetery on Texel commonly known as the "Russian cemetery".<ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Eric|year=2020|title=Night of the Bayonets: The Texel Uprising and Hitler's Revenge, April–May 1945|publisher=Greenhill Books|place=London|isbn=9781784384685}}</ref>