Editing Terry Fox (section)

==Marathon of Hope==
[[File:SFU alumnus Terry Fox.jpg|Fox in 1980|thumb]]
The night before his cancer surgery, Fox had been given an article about [[Dick Traum]], the first amputee to complete the [[New York City Marathon]].<ref name="Greatest Canadian"/> The article inspired him; he embarked on a 14-month training program, telling his family he planned to compete in a marathon himself.<ref name="MtlGazette42880"/> In private, he devised a more extensive plan. His hospital experiences had made Fox angry at how little money was dedicated to cancer research. He intended to run the length of Canada in the hope of increasing cancer awareness, a goal he initially divulged only to his friend Douglas Alward.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 58.</ref>

Fox ran with an unusual gait, as he was required to hop-step on his good leg due to the extra time the springs in his artificial leg required to reset after each step.<ref name="MtlGazette62380">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2FQ0AAAAIBAJ&pg=3901,1065955|title=Runner wants to cross nation on one leg|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=June 23, 1980|accessdate=February 26, 2010|page=1}}</ref> He found the training painful as the additional pressure he had to place on both his good leg and his stump led to bone bruises, blisters, and intense pain. Fox found that after about 20&nbsp;minutes of each run, he crossed a pain threshold and the run became easier.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 57.</ref>

On September 2, 1979, Fox competed in a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} road race in [[Prince George, British Columbia|Prince George]]. He finished in last place, ten minutes behind his closest competitor, but his effort was met with tears and applause from the other participants.<ref name="Greatest Canadian"/> Following the marathon, he revealed his full plan to his family.<ref>Coupland, 2005, p.  29.</ref> His mother discouraged him, angering Fox, though she later came to support the project. She recalled, "He said, 'I thought you'd be one of the first persons to believe in me.' And I wasn't. I was the first person who let him down".<ref name=maclean/> Fox initially hoped to raise $1&nbsp;million,<ref name="maclean">{{cite news|last=MacQueen|first=Ken|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/25th-anniversary-of-terry-foxs-marathon-of-hope/|title=25th anniversary of Terry Fox's Marathon of Hope|newspaper=Maclean's Magazine|publisher=Historica-Dominion Institute of Canada|date=April 4, 2005|accessdate=September 6, 2015}}</ref> then $10&nbsp;million, but later sought to raise $1 for each of Canada's 24&nbsp;million citizens.<ref name="CBCLegacy">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/fox_terry|title=Terry Fox's legacy of hope|publisher=CBC|date=June 27, 2006|accessdate=February 25, 2010}}</ref>

===Preparation===
On October 15, 1979, Fox sent a letter to the [[Canadian Cancer Society]] in which he announced his goal and appealed for funding. He stated that he would "conquer" his disability, and promised to complete his run, even if he had to "crawl every last mile". Explaining why he wanted to raise money for research, Fox described his personal experience of cancer treatment:
{{blockquote|I soon realized that that would only be half my quest, for as I went through the 16 months of the physically and emotionally draining ordeal of chemotherapy, I was rudely awakened by the feelings that surrounded and coursed through the cancer clinic. There were faces with the brave smiles, and the ones who had given up smiling. There were feelings of hopeful denial, and the feelings of despair. My quest would not be a selfish one. I could not leave knowing these faces and feelings would still exist, even though I would be set free from mine. Somewhere the hurting must stop&nbsp;... and I was determined to take myself to the limit for this cause.<ref name="cosentino">{{cite book|last=Cosentino|first=Frank|title=Not bad, eh?: great moments in Canadian sports history|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AagweEwvVgC|year=1990|publisher=General Store Publishing House|isbn=978-0-919431-29-4|pages=63–64}}</ref>}}

Fox closed his letter with the statement: "We need your help. The people in cancer clinics all over the world need people who believe in miracles. I am not a dreamer, and I am not saying that this will initiate any kind of definitive answer or cure to cancer. I believe in miracles. I have to."<ref name=cosentino/>
[[File:Terry Fox van @ the Royal BC Museum.jpg|thumb|The van used in the Marathon of Hope on display at the [[:en:Royal British Columbia Museum|Royal British Columbia Museum]]]]
The Cancer Society was skeptical of his success but agreed to support Fox once he had acquired sponsors and requested he get a medical certificate from a heart specialist stating that he was fit to attempt the run. Fox was diagnosed with [[left ventricular hypertrophy]]&nbsp;– an enlarged heart&nbsp;– a condition commonly associated with athletes. Doctors warned Fox of the potential risks he faced, though they did not consider his condition a significant concern. They endorsed his participation when he promised that he would stop immediately if he began to experience any heart problems.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, pp. 69–70.</ref>

A second letter was sent to several corporations seeking donations for a vehicle and running shoes, and to cover the other costs of the run.<ref name="Scrivener63">Scrivener, 2000, p. 63.</ref> Fox sent other letters asking for grants to buy a running leg.<ref name="Scrivener63" /> The [[Ford Motor Company]] donated a camper van,<ref name="Scrivener13" /> while [[Imperial Oil]] contributed fuel, and [[Adidas]] his running shoes.<ref name="Murphy33">Murphy, 2005, p. 33.</ref> Fox turned away any company that requested he endorse their products and refused any donation that carried conditions, as he insisted that nobody was to profit from his run.<ref name="Scrivener13" />

===Start of the marathon===

[[File:2017-10-07 01 Terry Fox Statue at Mile 0, St. John's NL Canada.jpg|thumb|Terry Fox Statue at Mile 0 in St. John's, Canada ]]

The Marathon began on April 12, 1980, when Fox dipped his right leg in the Atlantic Ocean near [[St.  John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]], and filled two large bottles with ocean water. He intended to keep one as a souvenir and pour the other into the Pacific Ocean upon completing his journey at [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref name="CBCLegacy" /> Fox was supported on his run by Doug Alward, who drove the van and cooked meals.<ref name="Murphy33" />

Fox was met with gale-force winds, heavy rain, and a snowstorm in the first days of his run.<ref name="MtlGazette42880" /> He was initially disappointed with the reception he received but was heartened upon arriving in [[Channel-Port aux Basques]], Newfoundland and Labrador, where the town's 10,000 residents presented him with a donation of over $10,000.<ref name="Murphy33" /> Throughout the trip, Fox frequently expressed his anger and frustration to those he saw as impeding the run, and he fought regularly with Alward. When they reached [[Nova Scotia]], they were barely on speaking terms, and it was arranged for Fox's brother Darrell, then 17, to join them as a buffer.<ref name=maclean/>

Fox left the [[Maritimes]] on June 10 and faced new challenges upon entering [[Quebec]] due to his group's inability to speak French<ref name="Scrivener232">Scrivener, 2000, p. 232.</ref> and drivers who continually forced him off the road.<ref name="Scrivener, 2000, p. 97">Scrivener, 2000, p. 97.</ref> Fox arrived in [[Montreal]] on June 22, one-third of the way through his {{convert|8000|km|mi|adj=on}} journey, having collected over $200,000 in donations.<ref name="MtlGazette62380" /> Fox's run caught the attention of [[Isadore Sharp]], the founder and CEO of [[Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts]], who lost a son to melanoma in 1978 just a year after Terry's diagnosis.<ref>Sandra Martin, [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/betty-fox-kept-marathon-of-hope-pure-and-terry-foxs-legacy-alive/article2066430/page3/ Obituary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025115947/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/betty-fox-kept-marathon-of-hope-pure-and-terry-foxs-legacy-alive/article2066430/page3/ |date=October 25, 2012 }}: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope pure and Terry Fox's legacy alive, [[The Globe and Mail]], Friday June 17, 2011</ref> Sharp gave food and accommodation at his hotels to Fox's team. When Fox was discouraged because so few people were making donations, Sharp pledged $2 a mile and persuaded close to 1,000 other corporations to do the same.<ref>Martin, Obituary: Betty Fox kept Marathon of Hope Pure..., [[The Globe and Mail]], Friday June 17, 2011</ref> Fox was convinced by the Canadian Cancer Society that arriving in [[Ottawa]] for [[Canada Day]] would aid fundraising efforts, so he remained in Montreal for a few extra days.<ref name="Scrivener, 2000, p. 97"/>

===Ontario and marathon's end===
[[File:Terry Fox Monument-Thunder Bay- Ontario-20060625.jpg|thumb|upright|The Terry Fox Monument in Thunder Bay]]

Fox crossed into Ontario on the last Saturday in June, and he was met by a brass band and thousands of residents who lined the streets to cheer him on, while the [[Ontario Provincial Police]] gave him an escort throughout the province.<ref name="Murphy34">Murphy, 2005, p. 34.</ref> Despite the sweltering heat of summer, he continued to run {{convert|26|mi|km}} per day.<ref name="Scrivener232"/> On his arrival in [[Ottawa]], Fox met Governor General [[Edward Schreyer|Ed Schreyer]], Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]], and was the guest of honour at numerous sporting events in the city.<ref name="Murphy34" /> In front of over 16,000 fans, he performed a ceremonial kickoff at a [[Canadian Football League]] game between the [[Ottawa Rough Riders]] and [[Saskatchewan Roughriders]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Ottawa cheers one-legged runner|date=July 2, 1980|page=2|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen/127556539/|accessdate=March 29, 2025}}</ref> and was given a standing ovation. Fox's journal reflected his growing excitement at the reception he had received.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 118.</ref>

On July 11, Fox arrived in Toronto where a crowd of 10,000 people met him and he was honoured in [[Nathan Phillips Square]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Terry Fox's legacy lives on three decades after death|website=CTV News|date=June 28, 2011|url=http://bc.ctvnews.ca/terry-fox-s-legacy-lives-on-three-decades-after-death-1.663116|accessdate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> As he ran to the square, he was joined on the road by many people, including [[National Hockey League]] star [[Darryl Sittler]], who presented Fox with his 1980 All-Star Game jersey. The Cancer Society estimated it collected $100,000 in donations that day alone.<ref name="Greatest Canadian" /> That evening he threw the [[ceremonial first pitch]] at [[Exhibition Stadium]] preceding a baseball game between the [[Toronto Blue Jays]] and the [[Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians]]. As he continued through southern Ontario, he was met by [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] Hockey player [[Bobby Orr]] who presented him with a cheque for $25,000. Fox considered meeting Orr the highlight of his journey.<ref name="Greatest Canadian" />
[[File:Marathon of Hope Map.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Fox's path across eastern Canada. He began at St. John's on the east coast and ran west.|alt= refer to caption]]
As Fox's fame grew, the Cancer Society scheduled him to attend more functions and give more speeches.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 123.</ref> Fox attempted to accommodate any request that he believed would raise money, no matter how far out of his way it took him.<ref>Coupland, 2005, p. 91.</ref> He bristled, however, at what he felt were media intrusions into his personal life, for example when the ''[[Toronto Star]]'' reported that he had gone on a date.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 130.</ref> Fox was left unsure whom he could trust in the media after negative articles began to emerge, including one by ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' that highlighted tensions with his brother Darrell and claimed he was running because he held a grudge against a doctor who had misdiagnosed his condition, allegations he referred to as "trash".<ref name="Scrivener144"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Arthur|date=August 15, 1980|title=Runner bears grudge against pain of illness in marathon of hope|work=The Globe and Mail|url=|access-date=}}</ref>

The physical demands of running a marathon every day took their toll on Fox's body. Apart from the rest days in Montreal taken at the request of the Cancer Society, he refused to take a day off, even on his 22nd birthday.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 138.</ref> He frequently had [[shin splints]] and an [[Knee_pain#Inflammations|inflamed knee]]. He developed cysts on his stump and experienced dizzy spells.<ref>Coupland, 2005, p. 47.</ref> At one point, he had a soreness in his ankle that would not go away. Although he feared he had developed a stress fracture, he ran for three more days before seeking medical attention, and was then relieved to learn it was [[tendonitis]] and could be treated with painkillers.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 147.</ref> Fox rejected calls for him to seek regular medical checkups,<ref>{{cite news|last=Harper|first=Tim|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=EaMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=980,3731630|title=Medical check 'stupid', cancer marathoner scoffs|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=July 30, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010|page=1}}</ref> and dismissed suggestions he was risking his future health.<ref name="Scrivener144">Scrivener, 2000, p. 144.</ref> By late August, Fox described that he was exhausted before he began the day's run.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 150.</ref> On September 1, outside Thunder Bay, he was forced to stop briefly after he had an intense coughing fit and experienced pains in his chest. He resumed running as the crowds along the highway shouted out their encouragement.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, pp. 153–154.</ref> A few miles later, short of breath and with continued chest pain, he asked Alward to drive him to a hospital.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 155.</ref> The next day, Fox held a tearful press conference during which he announced that his cancer had returned and spread to his lungs. He was forced to end his run after 143 days and {{convert|5373|km|mi}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/fox_terry|title=Terry Fox's legacy of hope|newspaper=CBC News Online |date=June 27, 2006|accessdate=June 16, 2010|page=1}}</ref> Fox refused offers to complete the run in his stead, stating that he wanted to complete his marathon himself.<ref name="Greatest Canadian"/>

===National response===
{{external media
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| video1 ='''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1QOtPDAAeY&ab_channel=TerryFoxFoundation" The Terry Fox Story"]''' – [[Terry Fox Foundation]] (4:03 min)
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Fox had raised $1.7&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|CA|1.7|1980|r=0|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|CA}}) when he was forced to abandon the Marathon.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 163.</ref> A week after his run ended, the [[CTV Television Network]] organized a nationwide [[telethon]] in support of Fox and the Canadian Cancer Society.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vTMyAAAAIBAJ&pg=2345%2C3013106|title=TV show raises $9&nbsp;million for cancer|newspaper=Montreal Gazette |date=September 8, 1980|page=1|accessdate=February 28, 2010}}</ref> Supported by Canadian and international celebrities, the five-hour event raised $10.5&nbsp;million (equivalent to ${{Inflation|CA|10.5|1980|r=0|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|CA}}).<ref name="Greatest Canadian" /> Among the donations were $1&nbsp;million each by the governments of British Columbia and Ontario, the former to create a new research institute to be founded in Fox's name and the latter an endowment given to the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation.<ref>Scrivener, 2000, p. 168.</ref> Donations continued throughout the winter, and by April over $23&nbsp;million had been raised (equivalent to ${{Inflation|CA|23|1981|r=0|fmt=c}} million in {{Inflation/year|CA}}).<ref>{{cite news|title=Fox's dream raised $23.4&nbsp;million|newspaper=Tri-City Herald|date=April 12, 1981|page=44}}</ref>

Supporters and well-wishers from around the world inundated Fox with letters and tokens of support. At one point, he was receiving more mail than the rest of Port Coquitlam combined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a9AyAAAAIBAJ&pg=5134,2930871|title=Terry Fox receives mountains of mail |newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=December 24, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010 |page=8}}</ref> Such was his fame that one letter sent from the United States addressed simply to "Terry Fox, Canada" was successfully delivered.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19801226&id=zwZMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6280,3430076|title=Fan mail: To 'Terry Fox, Canada'|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|date=December 26, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010|page=6}}</ref>

In September 1980, Fox was invested in a special ceremony as a Companion of the [[Order of Canada]]; he was, and remains, the youngest person to be so honoured.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Canada Honors One-legged Cancer Runner|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|date=September 20, 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eZckAAAAIBAJ&pg=1331,3019823|title=Terry Fox to get Order of Canada|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=September 16, 1980 |accessdate=February 28, 2010 |page=1}}</ref> The [[Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia]] named him to the [[Order of the Dogwood]], the province's highest award.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=1VsxAAAAIBAJ&pg=4605,3592810|title=B. C. will give award to native son Terry Fox|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=October 18, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010 |page=28}}</ref> [[Canada's Sports Hall of Fame]] commissioned a permanent exhibit,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BvQjAAAAIBAJ&pg=4464,3383307|title=Runner gets award |newspaper=Spokane Spokesman-Review|date=February 8, 1981|accessdate=February 28, 2010 |page=B4}}</ref> and Fox was named the winner of the [[Lou Marsh Award]] for 1980 as the nation's top athlete.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OAciAAAAIBAJ&pg=4842,3290988|title=Courageous Terry Fox captures Lou Marsh Award|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=December 18, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010|page=57}}</ref> He was named Canada's 1980 [[Canadian Newsmaker of the Year|Newsmaker of the Year]]. The ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' described the national response to his marathon as "one of the most powerful outpourings of emotion and generosity in Canada's history".<ref>{{cite news|last=MacQueen|first=Ken|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bdAyAAAAIBAJ&pg=6826,207028|title=Terry Fox: His run taught Canadians to hope|newspaper=Ottawa Citizen|date=December 29, 1980|accessdate=February 28, 2010|page=42}}</ref>